Test 3 metabolism integration Flashcards
what do skeletal muscles lack
fatty acid synthase and glucose 6-phosphatase
during rest, skeletal muscles can use
fatty acids and ketone bodies as a source of energy
how much glycogen does the skeletal muscle store
1%
when glucose is depleted, what will skeletal muscles use
fatty acids and ketone bodies
under severe starvation, the skeletal muscle can provide energy via what?
its protein content
what does the heart use
fatty acids and ketone bodies
what cycle is more active in the heart
TCA and ETC
about half of the cytoplasmic space in the heart is occupied by
the mitochondria
what does the heart not store
glycogen or fatty acids
function of adipose tissue
to store fat
what do adipose tissue secrete
adipokines: peptide hormones
what system is adipose tissue part of
the endocrine system
what percentage of body weight is composed of adipose tissue
15 to 25%
what is the location of adipose tissue
subcutaneous or visceral (abdominal)
how much glucose does the brain require
120 grams
how much of the bodys glucose does the brain consume
60%
what percentage of oxygen consumed by the body does the brains ETC use
20%
what percentage of the ATP generated by the brain is used to maintain the steady state electrical change across the neurons
50%
how does the brain get glucose
astrocytes which defines the blood brain barrier
what can not cross the BBB
fatty acids in lipoproteins
what can cross the BBB
ketone bodies but under severe starvation
the kidney uses what to provide glucose to other organs
gluconeogenesis
how much blood do the kidneys filter a day
6 L
the liver contains how much weight in glycogen
10%
during beta oxidation, if the concentration is so high what happens
fatty acids spill out of mitochondria and into cytoplasm
fatty acids can integrate into the membrane and bind to
DAG
if DAG becomes active they then activate what
activate pkc which phosphorylates irs and inactivates it
if irs is phosphorylated with ser/thr what does this cause
insulin resistance
what happens with insulin resistance
increase in glucose
beta cells in pancreas work really hard to produce more insulin by creating atp and increase concentration of ca+
this creates too much stress and apoptosis
type one diabetes has no
beta cells in pancreas
what is higher in type one diabetes
glucagon
if glucagon is high what happens
FBPase2 is activated gluconeogenesis is activated prk2 inhibited glycolysis inhibited glucose then secreted in urine
what happens with kidneys in diabetes one
fatty acids go through beta oxidation due to lack of glucose produce acetyl co a over work tca cylce excess acetyl coa will go to ketogenesis ketone bodies overwhelm kidneys
