glycolysis

Question 1

where does glycolysis occur

Answer 1

in the cytosol

Question 2

glycolysis is the central metabolic pathway for

Answer 2

glucose

Question 3

does glycolysis require oxygen

Answer 3

no

anaerobic

Question 4

what are the end products of glycolysis

Answer 4

2 molecules of pyruvate and 2 molecules of ATP

Question 5

is gluconeogenesis the reverse of glycolysis

Answer 5

no

Question 6

gluconeogenesis synthesizes what

Answer 6

pyruvate and lactate

Question 7

where glut 1 located

Answer 7

all mammalian tissues

Question 8

where is glut 2 located

Answer 8

liver and pancreatic cells

Question 9

where is glut 3 located

Answer 9

all mammalian tissues

Question 10

where is glut 4 located

Answer 10

muscle and fat cells

Question 11

where is glut 5 located

Answer 11

small intestine

Question 12

what is the function of glut 1

Answer 12

basal glucose uptake

Question 13

what is the function of glut 2

Answer 13

in pancreas, plays role in the regulation of insulin

in liver, removes excess glucose from blood

Question 14

what is function of glut 3

Answer 14

basal glucose uptake

Question 15

what is function of glut 4

Answer 15

amount in muscle plasma membrane increase with endurance training

Question 16

what is function of glut 5

Answer 16

primarily a fructose transporter

Question 17

how many stages in glycolysis

Answer 17

2

Question 18

what are the main points in stage one of glycolysis

Answer 18

phosphorylation, isomerization, phosphorylation, cleavage and isomerization

Question 19

what are the products of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate when it interacts with adolase

Answer 19

DHAP and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Question 20

what enzyme is used to go from DHAP to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Answer 20

triose phosphate isomerase

Question 21

how many ATP have been produced or taken in stage one of glycolysis

Answer 21

have used two ATP

Question 22

what are the main points in stage two of glycolysis

Answer 22

dehydrogenation, phosphorylation of ATP, isomerization
dehydration
phosphorylation

Question 23

what are the two reactions that occur when glyceraldehyde reacts with dehydrogenase to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

Answer 23

oxidation of aldehyde to carboxyl group

acyl-phosphate formation by dehydrogenation

Question 24

when the enol is introduced to phosphoenolpyruvate what happens with the phosphate

Answer 24

increases the phosphoryl-transfer potential

helps create ADP +Pi into ATP

Question 25

stage one of glycolysis goes through how many cycles

Answer 25

1

Question 26

stage two of glycolysis goes through how many cycles

Answer 26

2

Question 27

what are the two fates of pyruvate during fermentation of glycolysis

Answer 27

lactate and ethanol

Question 28

can muscle cells in animals generate ATP from fermentation

Answer 28

yes but only for short periods of time

Question 29

what do tumor cells do to glycolysis

Answer 29

enhance it

Question 30

what is the warburg effect

Answer 30

cancer utilizes aerobic glycolysis where they generate lactate even in presence of oxygen

Question 31

what does lactate do to tumor growth

Answer 31

enhances it by weakening immune system

Question 32

what is a result of rapid tumor growth under aerobic glycolysis

Answer 32

hypoxia: oxygen depletion

produce special transcription factor HIF-1

Question 33

what does HIF-1 do

Answer 33

influences the expression of certain glycolytic proteins

Question 34

what is sucrase made of

Answer 34

glucose and fructose

Question 35

what is lactase made of

Answer 35

glucose and galactose

Question 36

how does fructose enter in the liver through glycolysis

Answer 36

fructose to fructose 1-phosphate to glyceraldehyde to glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate

Question 37

how does fructose enter into glycolysis in other tissues

Answer 37

fructose to fructose 6-phosphate by hexokinase

Question 38

what is the purpose of lactate

Answer 38

help regenerate NAD+ to keep glycolysis going especially during exercise when ATP is needed fast