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Biochem summer > Test 3 fatty acid metabolism > Flashcards

Test 3 fatty acid metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

what are some of the roles of fatty acids

A

rich energy source
main components of membranes
used for protein modifications
part of hormonal system

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2
Q

what are fatty acids stored as

A

triglycerides/ triglycerols

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3
Q

what makes up a triglycerol

A

one glycerol

three fatty acids

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4
Q

are dietary lipids soluble

A

no

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5
Q

how do we digest dietary lipids

A

need to be solubitized by amphipathic moleules

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6
Q

what amphipathic molecules do we use to digest dietary lipids

A

bile salts from the gall bladder

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7
Q

how do bile salts work

A

wrap themselves around the lipid like a micelle

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8
Q

what do lipases do

A

they access triglycerols in micelles

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9
Q

what is glycocholate

A

bile salt

polar head and hydrophobic tial

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10
Q

purpose of lipase

A

break ester bond between glycerol and carbon fatty acid

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11
Q

does lipase break fatty acids all at once or one by one

A

one by one until triacylglyerol becomes monoacylglycerol

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12
Q

what happens to the fatty acids and monoacylglycerol after they were broken down

A

transported into mucosal cell

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13
Q

once fatty acids and monoacylglycerol are transported into mucosal cell what happens next

A

they are reassembled into triglycerides

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14
Q

other lipid proteins and triglycerides come together to form

A

chylomicrons

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15
Q

function of chylomicron

A

travel trigylcerides to different tissues for storage and ultimately degredation

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16
Q

what are the protein components of lipoproteins called

A

apolipoproteins

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17
Q

the chylomicrons can travel through what system

A

lymph system

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18
Q

once chylomicrons are in the lymph system they travel to the…

A

blood

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19
Q

what is the final destination of chylomicrons

A

adipose tissue

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20
Q

when chylomicrons are in the adipose tissue, what happens to the triglycerides

A

they are digested by lipases and transported into cell and then resynthesized in cell and stored

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21
Q

what are the three stages when lipids are needed after storing

A

mobilization
transport
oxidation

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22
Q

what happens in the lipid mobilization stage

A

moving trigylcerol molecules around to make more accessible to lipase enzymes to release free fatty acids

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23
Q

what happens in the lipid transport stage

A

moving fatty acids to needy tissues using the circulatory system

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24
Q

what happens in the lipid oxidation stage

A

extracting the high energy electrons to synthesize ATP

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25
what receptor is on chylomicrons
glucagon, which is influenced by protein kinase A
26
what two proteins are involved in mobilizing fatty acids from adipose tissue
perilipin A | lipase
27
function of perilipin A
protein responsible for re-arranging triglycerol molecules to make them more accessible for digestion
28
function of lipase protein
completely hydrolyze fatty acids from glycerol for fatty acid breakdown (oxidation)
29
what happens during mobilization of lipids
glucagon binds to receptor activating protein kinase A which phosphorylates lipases
30
what happens during stage 2, transportation of fatty acids
fatty acids bind to albumin and transports it through blood to reach destined tissue
31
where is albumin produced
in liver
32
function of albumin
transport fatty acids, and other hormones
33
what happens during stage 3: oxidation of fatty acids and glycerol
glycerol enters liver cell and either goes through glycolysis or gluconeogenesis fatty acid enters tissue, and go through beta oxidation
34
where does beta oxidation occur
inside mitochondrial matrix
35
can fatty acids freely enter the mitochondria
no
36
what is the first step of beta oxidation
activating the fatty acid
37
how do fatty acids become activated to go into mitochondrial matrix
form high energy thioester bond
38
what enzymy creates the thioester bond for fatty acid activation
acyl-CoA synthetase
39
what is the product when fatty acid has acyl-CoA synthetase attach to it
acyl-CoA
40
where does the fatty acid meeting acyl-CoA synthetase occur
outer mitochondrial membrane
41
how does acyl CoA enter mitochondrial matrix once activated
carnitine must attach to it
42
what enzyme is used to attach acyl CoA to carnitine
carnitine acyltransferase I
43
what is the product of acyl CoA and carnitine acyltransferase I
acyl carnitine
44
once in matrix, acyl carnitine turns into acyl coA by what enzyme
carnitine acyltransferase II
45
what are the main steps in beta oxidation
oxidation, hydration, oxidation and cleavage
46
how many fatty acids can beta oxidation synthesize
16
47
what is the product of beta oxidation
activated acyl group and activated acetyl group
48
BO: so if we have a 16 carbon fatty acid, how many cleavage reactions
7
49
BO: 16 carbon fatty acid, how many acetyl-Coa produced
8
50
BO: 16 carbon fatty acid, how many NADH and FADH2 produced
8 | 8
51
what happens in BO during Oxidation one
oxidation of acyl-CoA to produce trans-delta2-enoyl CoA
52
what is the electron acceptor for BO oxidation one
FADH2
53
FADH2 from oxidation one, is carried to ETC by what carrier
Electron transferring flavoprotein | ETF
54
what is ETF
enzyme carrier protein
55
does the ETF pump protons
no because it uses FAD and FADH2
56
where is the ETF located
located in mitochondrial matrix
57
what enzyme is used in BO oxidation one
acyl-Coa dehydrongenase
58
in BO oxidation one, what must happen to the double bond
trans configuration | between carbon 2 and 3
59
what happens in BO hydration
the enoyl is hydrated to form an alcohol
60
what enzyme is used in BO hydration
enoyl-CoA hydratase
61
what happens in BO oxidation 2
the alcohol group is oxidized to a keto group to form 3-ketoacyl-CoA
62
what enzyme is used in BO oxidation 2
L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
63
what happens in BO cleavage
cleavage of the ketoacyl by a thiol group from a second CoA molecule
64
what is the process called during BO cleavage
thiolysis
65
what enzyme is used during BO cleavage
beta-ketothiolase
66
where does acetyl CoA go after beta oxidation
the TCA cycle
67
what happens in a monounsaturated cis fatty acid
must convert cis to trans
68
what enzyme is used to convert double cis bond to double trans bond
cis-delta3-enoyl CoA isomerase
69
what is the next step after FA double bond went from cis to trans
hydration
70
what was skipped when FA double bond went from cis to trans
oxidation one | FADH2
71
an odd chain fatty acid beta oxidation creates
3 carbon | propionyl-Coa
72
what is the end product of propionyl coA in beta oxidation
succinyl CoA
73
what is skipped in odd chain FA beta oxidation
2 NADH that happens in TCA cycle bc product is succinyl CoA
74
what is the function of peroxisomes
to use oxidation to break down FA to 8 carbons
75
what is produced in peroxisomes
H2O2
76
what happens to H2O2 in peroxisomes
catalase converts to water immediately
77
in peroxisome what is the final electron acceptor for FADH2
O2
78
what happens to the acetyl CoA produced in peroxisomes
transported out into bile salts synthesis and cholesterol
79
where are peroxisomes located
membrane bound organelles
80
peroxisomes also synthesize
plasmogen
81
what is plasmogen
an important lipid in myelin sheath that surrounds axons
82
what disease is associated with peroxisomes
zellweger syndrome

Biochem summer (12 decks)

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