Amino Acid Metabolism

Question 1

can you make aa from scratch

Answer 1

no

Question 2

who possess ability to fix nitrogen to ammonia

Answer 2

some bacteria and archea

Question 3

what enzyme is responsible to fix nitrogen to ammonia

Answer 3

nitrogenase complex

Question 4

nitrogenase complex has how many enzymes

Answer 4

2

Question 5

what are the enzymes in the nitrogenase complex

Answer 5

reducatse and nitrogenase

Question 6

function of reductase

Answer 6

provides electrons

Question 7

function of nitrogenase

Answer 7

reduce nitrogen to ammonia

Question 8

aa provide what for all other molecules in cell

Answer 8

nitrogen

Question 9

what do aa provide as a source of energy

Answer 9

carbon

Question 10

what is the usable form of nitrogen for life

Answer 10

ammonia

NH3

Question 11

nitrogen is assimilated into

Answer 11

glutamate and glutamine

Question 12

what inhibits nitrogenase

Answer 12

02

Question 13

if bacteria have nitrogenase what kind of conditions do they need

Answer 13

anaerobic

Question 14

how is atmospheric nitrogen maintained

Answer 14

denitrification

Question 15

where is our aa source

Answer 15

diet

Question 16

what protease is important for protein digestion

Answer 16

pepsin

Question 17

half life of a protein is determined by

Answer 17

n terminal

Question 18

what is a degron

Answer 18

sequence that determines recycling for protein

Question 19

three reasons for protein recycling

Answer 19

half life is up
damaged and hence misfolded by different factors
misfolded bc of translational error

Question 20

what are the two pathways for recycling proteins

Answer 20

lysosomes

ubiquination of recycled proteins

Question 21

transamination

Answer 21

amino acid donates amino group to alpha keto acid

Question 22

peptidase and proteases know proteins destined for destruction when what is binding to them

Answer 22

ubiquitin

Question 23

how does ubitquitin attach to destined protein for recycling

Answer 23

uses three enzymes

Question 24

what does E1 do

Answer 24

ubiquitin activating enzyme

Question 25

what does E2 do

Answer 25

ubiquitin-protein ligase enzyme, shuttles ubiquitin to E3

Question 26

what does E3 do

Answer 26

ubiquitin protein ligase, transfers ubiquitin to the amino group of several lysine residues

Question 27

what disease is created from defective E3

Answer 27

parkinsons disease

Question 28

what happens with a hyperactive E3

Answer 28

will cause premature recycling of DNA repair proteins leading to development of tumor

Question 29

what is the proteasome made of

Answer 29

2 domains

19s and 20s

Question 30

purpose of 19s in proteasome

Answer 30

bind to ubiquitin, hydrolyze ubiquitin from protein, unfold protein, pass protein to 20s

Question 31

purpose of 20s in proteasome

Answer 31

hydrolyzes doomed protein to amino acid

Question 32

transamination of alpha ketoglutarate creates

Answer 32

glutamate

Question 33

transamination of oxaloacetate creates

Answer 33

aspartate

Question 34

transamination of pyruvate creates

Answer 34

alanine

Question 35

what enzyme is used to catalyze alpha amino acid and alpha ketogluatarate to create alpha keto acid and amino acid

Answer 35

aminotransferase

Question 36

what two amino acids can only be ketogenic

Answer 36

leucine and lysine

Question 37

most terrestrials secrete nitrogen as

Answer 37

urea

Question 38

fish secrete nitrogen as

Answer 38

NH4+ b/c water dilute

Question 39

birds secrete nitrogen as

Answer 39

uric acid

Question 40

african lung fish is special

Answer 40

on land, uses urea

in water, secrete as NH4+

Question 41

what is the regulator of carbamoyl phosphate synthase I

Answer 41

NAG

Question 42

how do you get keto phenyl urea

Answer 42

lack of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

Question 43

citrulline and ornithine are

Answer 43

amino acids but not used for proteins

Question 44

what is glutathione

Answer 44

antioxidant made up of 3 amino acids