Test #3 (Lecture 9)

Question 1

What was happening in terms of orchestral writing in the early 19th Century?

Answer 1

• woodwinds start having their own parts (not just doubling strings)
• instrument section division more apparent

Question 2

What was the standard instrumentation for a symphony orchestra in the early 19th Century?

Answer 2

• double winds and brass
• timpani
• strings
• additions
• trombones
• 2 additional horns
• “special effect instruments” –> contrabassoon, piccalo, triangle, cymbals, bass drum
• tourte string bows

Question 3

What were some “meanings” associated with the symphony orchestra?

Answer 3

• “expression of communal spirit”
• Enlightenment
• democracy, equality
• national identity
• larger-scale works

Question 4

what is cyclical coherence?

Answer 4

when there are overt connections between movements

Question 5

define march

Answer 5

• military form in duple meter

- characterized by strong, repetitive beat for keeping soldiers in military formation

Question 6

define scherzo

Answer 6

• “joke” in Italian
• triple meter
• faster and longer than minuet

Question 7

What were the four movements in Beethoven’s Eroica Symphony?

Answer 7

1. Sonata Form
2. Funeral March
3. Scherzo
4. Theme and Variations

Question 8

What do the 4 Movements in the Eroica represent?

Answer 8

1. struggle
2. death
3. rebirth
4. triumph

Question 9

what is the term for a passage that begins like a fugue but does not sustain itself after a series of initial entries?

Answer 9

fugato

**Eroica first movement, development

Question 10

how is death represented in the 2nd mvt of Eroica in the coda?

Answer 10

• tick tock of violins
• dreamlike syncopations
• fragmented return of theme at very end

Question 11

what was the idee fixe in Symphonie Fantastique?

Answer 11

Idee fixe represents not the beloved herself, but rather the musician’s image of her

Question 12

what is realism?

Answer 12

use of ugly, grotesque sounds

ex. 5th mvt of Symphonie Fantastique–> col legno in violins, bells

Question 13

describe the orchestration in Symphonie Fantastique and some of Berlioz’s innovations to the symphony as a genre

Answer 13

• larger orch forces
• extremes of dynamics
• new instrumental techniques
• grotesque
• realism
• dies irae
• idee fixe
• high Eb clarinet solo

Question 14

how did Beethoven imbue the Eroica with extra-musical meaning?

Answer 14

• originally titled “Grand Symphony entitled Bonaparte”

- later changed when Napolean named himself unconditional ruler

Question 15

define concert overture

Answer 15

work of instrumental music in a single movement connected in some way with a known plot

*origins in 18th C opera overtures

Question 16

what was the first example of a concert overture?

Answer 16

Beethoven’s Leonore Overture No.3

Question 17

when did social spaces become increasingly divided by function?

Answer 17

wake of the Industrial Revolution

Question 18

give examples of a private space/sphere

Answer 18

homes, salons

Question 19

give examples of a public space/sphere

Answer 19

concert halls, church, community gatherings, etc

Question 20

What was the Heiligenstadt Testament?

Answer 20

Beethoven wrote about his continuous loss of hearing; Beethoven Middle period

Question 21

In which Beethoven stylistic period did he inherit classical traditions of Haydn and Mozart

Answer 21

Early

Question 22

In which Beethoven stylistic period did he write in a “heroic style that evoked struggle?”

Answer 22

Middle

Question 23

In which Beethoven stylistic period did he experiment with extremes of proportions, texture, harmony, register, dynamics and length?

Answer 23

Late