Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MUHL 186 > Test #1 (Week 1) > Flashcards

Test #1 (Week 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the creator of the Gregorian Chant?

A

Pope Gregory I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What unified the repertory of chants and became the primary liturgy of the church?

A

The Roman Rite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What was the earliest form of chant notation?

A

Neumes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_____ indicate pitches or a group of pitches in a chant melody

A

Neumes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In which century did scribes start to notate using an imaginary line?

A

11th Century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

____/____ is the careful placement of neumes around 2 lines (upper = C, lower = F)

A

diastematic/heightened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 5 elements of Plainchant?

A
  1. Liturgical Function
  2. Relationship of Words and Music
  3. Mode
  4. Melodic Structure
  5. Rhythm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

____ is the series of services held at specific times during the day; is compromised of 8 services

A

Divine Office

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe Ordinary vs. Proper Mass

A

ordinary: sung at every mass, unchanging content
proper: specific to particular Sundays or feasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 main feasts in the Liturgical Year?

A

Christmas and Easter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which chant tradition established in the 7thC was in southern Italy?

A

Roman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which chant tradition established in the 7thC was in northern Italy?

A

Ambrosian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which chant tradition established in the 7thC was in France and Western Germany?

A

Gallican

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which chant traditions established in the 7thC was in the Iberian Peninsula?

A

Mozorabic and Visigothic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 relationships between words and music?

A

syllabic, neumatic, melismatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Syllabic means:

A

1 syllable = 1 pitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neumatic means:

A

1 syllable = 2-6 pitches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Melismatic means:

A

1 syllable = many pitches **florid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_____ _____: chorus alternates with the soloist

A

responsorial chants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

____ _____: each corresponds to one of the 8 music modes

A

psalm tones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

______: precede and follow psalms; are brief, syllabic, melodically varied

A

antiphon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T/F: hymns are typically syllabic with multiple strophes

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how many medieval modes were there?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

_____ = scale types = patterns of half and whole steps

A

modes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

____ is the ending pitch of a mode

A

finalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

______ _____: repercussion, recite long text on a single note

A

recitation tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

____ is the range of a mode

A

ambitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 2 modes that each pitch supports?

A

Authentic: ambitus running octave above finalis

Plagal: ambitus running 5th above and 4th below finalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Plainchants feature conjunct motion, limited intervallic patterns and motion by ___, sometimes ___ and ___

A

motion by 3rds, sometimes 4ths and 5ths

30
Q

What does the Guidonian Hand show?

A

entire range of available pitches; series of 7 interlocking hexachords

31
Q

What is a hexachord made up of?

A

six notes, all separated by whole steps except between the third and fourth notes

32
Q

Describe Musica Ficta

A

non-notated pitches, supplied by performers

33
Q

what is the term to describe the flattening or sharpening of notes that technically didn’t exist within a given hexachord?

A

Musica Ficta

34
Q

____/____/____ –> one and the same person

A

poet/composer/singer

35
Q

define “chanson de geste”

A

song of deed = epic amount of chivalrous accomplishment; associated with troubadours and trouveres

36
Q

in which centuries were troubadours and trouveres at their height of activity?

A

12th and 13th centuries

37
Q

Troubadours were from where and sang in which language?

A

Southern France; Occitan

38
Q

Trouveres were from where and sang in which language?

A

Northern France; Medieval French

39
Q

What kinds of songs did troubadours and trouveres sing?

A

love songs, pastorals, dialogues, laments –> strophic both musically and texturally

40
Q

Who did the Songs in Latin appeal to?

A

wandering minstrels

41
Q

Who was the famous troubadour who was banished from 2 courts for becoming too emotionally attached to ladies of those courts?

A

Bernart de Ventadorn (1140-1190)

42
Q

Define “Minnesinger”

A

singer of courtly love, German

43
Q

Who was Tannihauser?

A

famous composer-poet-performer who was the central character in Wagner’s opera of the same name

44
Q

Define “bar form”

A

two musically identical statements and a final closing statement; AAB pattern

45
Q

What are the two types of statements in bar form?

A

Stollen and Abgesang

46
Q

What did minnesingers sing about? (3 things)

A

chivalry, praise of God, praise of noblewomen

47
Q

What is the term for a polyphonic work consisting of an original plainchant melody in one voice along with at least one additional voice above or below?

A

Organum

48
Q

Define “Parallel Organum”

A

An additional voice runs parallel to the established plainchant melody at a constant interval

49
Q

Define “Melismatic Organum”

A

multiple notes in vox organalis over single note in chant

50
Q

Vox Principalis vs. Vox Organalis?

A

Vox Principalis: plainchant melody (principal voice), chant

Vox Organalis: additional voice, florid line

51
Q

What does “duplum” mean?

A

added second voice in an organum

52
Q

At this point in time, what is the “tenor?”

A

“to hold,” the lower holding voice in an organum

53
Q

Describe the advent of contrary motion

A

as the organalis ascends, the principalis should descend

54
Q

What is a “clausula?”

A

measured, like a variation, brief section of polyphony, line of music you could substitute over a tenor line, passage of full organum superimposed over another chant

55
Q

What were the earliest known polyphonic compositions?

A

Organums, based on plainchants

56
Q

What was the Musica Enchiriadis?

A

first preserved reference to polyphony in medieval times

57
Q

Organum includes the earliest known instances of ____

A

counterpoint

58
Q

Counterpoint prompted medieval theorists to reevaluate what intervals might or might not be considered ____

A

consonant

59
Q

Who was the prototypical composer of what was called the Notre Dame Organum?

A

Leonin

60
Q

What is the name for the most elaborate form of organum that appeared from a circle of largely anonymous composers?

A

Notre Dame Organum

61
Q

What are two other names for melismatic organum?

A

free and unmeasured

62
Q

What is another name more measured organum?

A

discant

63
Q

What are the three different kinds of texture used in organum in the style of Leonin?

A
  1. Unison Plainchant: unchanged from the original in those sections of a responsorial chant sung by the chorus
  2. Free organum in those sections sung by the solists that are predominantly neumatic in the original chant
  3. Measured organum in those sections sung by the soloists that are predominantly melismatic in the original chant
64
Q

What is a motet?

A
  • comes from clausula
  • upper voice has text, is moving
  • lower voice is holding –> tenor part
  • tenor no longer a sacred object
65
Q

what did the rhythmic modes indicate?

A
  • long and short notes

- first form of rhythmic notation

66
Q

describe mensural notation

A

More precise system of indicating rhythmic variety

67
Q

What was the first form of mensural notation?

A

Franconian

68
Q

Franconian rhythms included the ___, the breve and the semibreve

A

Long

69
Q

Petronian notation included _____ and ______

A

Minims and Semiminums

70
Q

Who was responsible for unifying the chant repertoire?

A

Charlemange

MUHL 186 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions