Test #2 (Chapter 7)

Question 1

Who were the Florentine Camerata?

Answer 1

Group of poets, musicians and noblemen gathered at the house of Count Giovanni de’Bardi in Florence to discuss how to allow a single voice to predominate in a texture that’s not necessarily polyphonic

Question 2

What was the name of the group of people who debated ways to recreate the style of singing used by the ancient Greeks?

Answer 2

Florentine Camerata

Question 3

Who was the person who was asked to organize entertainment for the wedding of Fernando de’Medici to Christine de Lorraine?

Answer 3

Giovanni de’Bardi

Question 4

what was the term to describe the traditional style of Renaissance polyphony?

Answer 4

prima prattica

Question 5

what was the term to describe the placing of the solo vocal line above an instrumental line which acted like a subordinate accompaniment?

Answer 5

seconda prattica

Question 6

what were two things that the seconda prattica focused on?

Answer 6

1. emphasis on projection of the text

2. rhythm should be modeled on the rhythm of speech***

Question 7

By the mid 16th C, composers wanted to recover ____ _____

Answer 7

classical antiquity

Question 8

Classical antiquity was the ___?

Answer 8

attraction to the reputation of having musical powers

Question 9

What were the 2 ways in which classical antiquity would be recovered?

Answer 9

1. music should be driven by the word

2. affect of text should be heightened by musical devices

Question 10

What was the problem with the recovery of classical antiquity in the mid 16th C?

Answer 10

multiple lines in polyphonic works may obscure the textual meanings (therefore lessening the overall power of the work)

Question 11

Who were the three main composers associated with the seconda prattica?

Answer 11

1. Peri
2. Caccini
3. Cavalieri

Question 12

What is the term for the supporting line that often creates a homophonic texture?

Answer 12

basso continuo

Question 13

What concept did the basso continuo originally emerge from?

Answer 13

seconda prattica

Question 14

What is the term for the series of numbers that composers used to indicate deviations from root-position harmonies?

Answer 14

figured bass

Question 15

performers add the ___ ____ in upper voices based on the figured bass

Answer 15

implied harmonies

Question 16

which instruments played the basso continuo?

Answer 16

instruments capable of playing chords

Question 17

Why was the bass line often doubled in Baroque music?

Answer 17

It enhanced the sense of polarity between the upper and lower voices

Question 18

What did the basso continuo allow for (in terms of text projection?)

Answer 18

The clear projection of text, with a single voice, within polyphonic texture

Question 19

What was the Greek style?

Answer 19

using melody and rhythm to sustain the word

Question 20

solo singing brought upon the emergence of ____

Answer 20

opera

Question 21

define opera

Answer 21

sung drama in which individual singers assume the role of individual characters

Question 22

what is the term to describe the combination of solo voice and basso continuo

Answer 22

monody

Question 23

describe some of the concepts that can be used to describe monody

Answer 23

• measured and free
• lyrical yet rhythmically fluid
• partway between song and speech

Question 24

monody had many key features including:

Answer 24

• chromaticism used sparingly
• soloist able to embellish at will
• spontaneity in performance
• straightforward melodic lines
• emerging conception of chordal harmony
• constant struggle to balance lyrical interest and textual intelligibility

Question 25

describe sprezzatura

Answer 25

air of spontaneity in performance; dramatic speech; disregard for rhythm; focus on the words being said

Question 26

Renaissance tactus was replaced by fixed units of ___/____ beats

Answer 26

strong/weak

Question 27

The concept of strong/weak beats that emerged in the 16th C led to the development of___?

Answer 27

periodic phrase structures

Question 28

prima prattica was ____ and seconda prattica was _____

Answer 28

polyphonic…..homphonic

Question 29

How did the seconda prattica impact Baroque vocal music?

Answer 29

• ability to project text clearly with a single voice
• soloistic performance
• solo singing brought upon opera
• closer to Greek manner