Test #2 (Chapter 10)

Question 1

describe the earliest form of concerto

Answer 1

• wide range of meanings in Baroque era

- applied to works in which any number or combination of diverse musical forces work together “in concert”

Question 2

at what point did we see the emergence of opposition between soloist(s) and ensemble?

Answer 2

last 1/4 of 17th C

Question 3

what is the term for a small group of soloists within a concerto?

Answer 3

concertino

Question 4

what is the term for the larger ensemble within a concerto (tutti)

Answer 4

ripieno

Question 5

define concerto grosso

Answer 5

small group of soloists (concertino) with its own basso cont. against a larger ensemble (ripieno)

Question 6

define solo concerto

Answer 6

single soloist or a pair of soloists against a ripieno ensemble

Question 7

define ripieno concerto

Answer 7

no soloists, reflects persistence of earlier understanding of the genre

aka sonata, sinfonia, concerto

Question 8

what is the term for propulsive rhythm that is moving forward at all times?

Answer 8

motoric rhythm

ex. Vivaldi

Question 9

what is the term for when motives are spun out?

Answer 9

Fortspinnung

Question 10

define Fugue

Answer 10

• imitative, free genre for keyboard

- single theme is subjected to imitative treatment for the entire work

Question 11

what is the single voice that starts the theme in a fugue?

Answer 11

subject

Question 12

what is the second voice that imitates the subject, transposed up a 5th, while the first voice continues?

Answer 12

answer

Question 13

what is the independent and thematically distinctive line in a fugue?

Answer 13

countersubject

Question 14

what is the fugal exposition?

Answer 14

the end of the fugal exposition is marked when all voices have stated the subject at least once

Question 15

what comes after the exposition in a fugue?

Answer 15

episodes and middle entries

Question 16

what are middle entries?

Answer 16

points of imitation after the exposition in a fugue

Question 17

what are episodes

Answer 17

non-imitative, freestyle passages in a fugue

Question 18

what is the term for a shortened subject, towards the end, that is presented in various overlapping voices?

Answer 18

stretto

Question 19

what is the term for broken chords in keyboard music that originated from arpeggiations used in lute music?

Answer 19

style brise

Question 20

define Baroque Suite

Answer 20

• series of dances or dance-inspired movements

- in same key or alternating major/minor modes

Question 21

what are the different terms for the keyboard version of the Baroque Suite in France, Germany/Italy and England?

Answer 21

France: ordre

Germany/Italy: partita

England: lesson

Question 22

between __ and __ movements are in a Baroque Suite

Answer 22

4 and 6

Question 23

what form do dances tend to be in?

Answer 23

binary

**invites variation

Question 24

what is the basic framework of a 4 mvt Baroque Suite?

Answer 24

2 moderately fast movements, a slow movement and a lively dance in triple meter

Question 25

define variation suite

Answer 25

• more tightly organized than other examples of the genre

- series of contrasting dances based on 1 thematic idea

Question 26

who were three people associated with the variation suite?

Answer 26

Johann Hermann Schein, Samuel Scheit, Johann Froberger

Question 27

what is the term for instrumental music that is meant to express a non-musical story or idea?

Answer 27

program music

Question 28

define free genres

Answer 28

• based on no pre-existing material

- can be predominantly imitative or non-imitative

Question 29

what were the most important non-imitative free genres in the Baroque era?

Answer 29

• toccata
• canzona
• fantasia
• prelude

Question 30

what were the most important imitative free genres in the Baroque era?

Answer 30

fugue and ricercar

Question 31

what is a canzona?

Answer 31

• free composition comparable to cantata
• keyboard
• often performed in church

Question 32

what is passus dunusculus?

Answer 32

• Bach cantatas
• descending chromatic 4th
• signifies anguish
• “painful passage”