test 3 ch 9

Question 1

Describe the core symptoms of OCD

Answer 1

the core symptoms of OCD are obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are recurrent, unwanted, intrusive thoughts, images or impulses that result in pronounced anxiety or distress. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors typically designed to lessen the anxiety/discomfort associated with obsessions, or to neutralize the feared consequences of obsessions.

Question 2

How is pediatric OCD generally described?

Answer 2

is a waxing and waning course and is typically considered a chronic disorder

Question 3

Explain Mowrer’s two-factor model conditioning theory.

Answer 3

• The first stage,a neutral event or object becomes fearful or aversive to the individual as a result of its association (classical conditioning) with an unrelated fear-eliciting event.
• The second stage, (operant conditioning) subsequent efforts to neutralize or avoid these feared events or objects become strengthened as a result of their anxiety-reducing properties (i.e negative reinforcement).

Question 4

What are the three types of interrelated beliefs that underlie OCD?

Answer 4

(1) perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty; (2) over-importance of thoughts and the need to control thoughts (3) inflated sense of responsibility and overestimation of threat

Question 5

List criterion A for both Tourette’s and Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder.

Answer 5

Tourette’s Disorder
- both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics have been present at some time

Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic
- Single or multiple motor or vocal tics have been present, but not both

Question 6

How are tics defined?

Answer 6

Abrupt, rapid, recurring, and non-rhythmic motor movements and vocalizations involving one or more muscle groups that are usually experienced at outside voluntary control and often may mimic the appearance of normal movement and behavior.

Question 7

How are premonitory urges described?

Answer 7

aversive sensory experiences (i.e. building tension, energy, pressure itch, tingle etc.). They have been described as more aversive than tics themselves and can include a general sense of inner tension, or a more localized and focal sensation in the region of the tic.