Chapter 13

Question 1

What important social advances has the field of Intellectual Disability made?

Answer 1

In addition to refinement of classification and definitions of ID, opportunities or individuals with ID in education, employment, and society have increased considerably since 1970. These improvements have led to changes in the way ID is conceptualized.

Question 2

List the five reasons the term Intellectual Disability is preferred.

Answer 2

1. It provides a logical basis in a social-ecological framework.
2. It is less offensive to people with disabilities.

Question 3

What differentiates the DSM-5 definition of Intellectual Disability from the definition provided by the AAIDD?

Answer 3

Throughout the DSM-5 definition, significant weight is placed on clinical judgment in the interpretation of score results, and balancing conclusions of standardized assessments with observed and reported functioning and decision making in real-life situations.

Question 4

When is Intellectual Disability identified for most children?

Answer 4

Those with significant deficits tend to be identified prior to entering school, but those with mild cases will most likely not be identified until they enter the school system.

Question 5

How has DSM-5 addressed the stability of intelligence assessments when dealing with a child 5 years or younger?

Answer 5

By adding the diagnostic category of “global developmental delay” for children under age 5 “when the clinical severity level cannot be reliably assessed during early childhood.

Question 6

Does Intellectual Disability occur higher in males or females?

Answer 6

Males

Question 7

List Guralnick’s reported three unique stressors in relation to family stress.

Answer 7

1. The family system seems to be taxed by the need for caregivers to seek out information regarding the child with the disability
2. There appears to be an increased risk of interpersonal and family distress arising from situations directly linked to having a child with a disability
3. There is also often stress on family resources

Question 8

What are common characteristics of Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome?

Answer 8

Down syndrome – difficulty with language production, slowed rate of development, social strengths.
Fragile X syndrome – social anxiety, hyperactivity, strength in simultaneous processing

Question 9

What are the most common environmental factors associated with Intellectual Disability due to the prenatal environment.

Answer 9

Malnutrition during pregnancy, prenatal infections, fetal alcohol syndrome, exposure to other toxic compounds, premature birth, and peri- and postnatal asphyxia or other trauma.

Question 10

What percent of children and adolescents with Intellectual Disability exhibit emotional and behavioral problems according to prevalence rate studies?

Answer 10

30-50%