FinalExam.1 Flashcards
What is the general organization of the Sleep Disorders as presented in DSM-5? Be able to give multiple examples of each type of disorder.
- The DSM-5 presents the disorders of sleep in three general categories. The first group involves the insomnias, hypersomnolence disorders, and types of narcolepsy. Formerly this group was labeled the Dysomnias. These disorders all involve a central difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep, being excessively sleepy, or finding sleep to be of poor quality (nonrestorative). The second group is labeled the Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders and encompasses the sleep apneas and sleep-related hypoventilation. The final group, the Parasomnias, involve abnormal behavioral or physiological events occurring in association with sleep stages or the transitions between sleep stages. Examples of the former are Insomnia and Sleep Apnea and of the later, Sleep Terror Disorder, Sleepwalking, and Nightmare Disorder.
What are the two primary types of sexual disorders described in the DSM-5? For each type, provide the name, a brief description, and two example disorders categorized in this category.
Sexual Dysfunctions are characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in a person’s ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure. Practically, these disorders involve some impairment of the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. Examples include Delayed Ejaculation and Erectile Disorder. Paraphilic Disorders are characterized by recurrent, intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors (arousal) that involve unusual objects, activities, or situations and cause clinically significant distress of impairment in functioning. Examples include sexual sadism, exhibitionistic, fetishistic and pedaphilic disorder.
Define and distinguish between Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder.
According to the DSM-5, Oppositional Defiant Disorder involves a pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting at least six months. Alternatively, Conduct Disorders involves a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. In comparison, the behaviors of ODD are typically of a less severe nature than those of CD and do not include aggression toward people or animals, destruction of property, or a pattern of theft or deceit. Furthermore, according to the DSM-5, ODD includes problems of emotional dysregulation that are not included in the definition of CD.
List and briefly describe four other impulse-control/addicted disorders presented in the DSM-5.
- The DSM-5 included a number of “habit” disorders in other specific categories (e.g. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Trichotillomania, Substance Use, and the Paraphilias). However, additional conditions described in this chapter that were not already presented are, Intermittent-Explosive Disorder, Pyromania, and Kleptomania. Intermittent-Explosive Disorder involves recurrent behavioral outbursts representing a failure to control aggressive impulses as manifested by either verbal aggression, physical aggression, damage to property, or physical assault or injury of persons or animals. Pyromania involves deliberate and purposeful fire setting on multiple occasions. Kleptomania is defined as the recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal objects that are not needed for personal use or monetary value. In the DSM-5, Pathological Gambling has been renamed Gambling Disorder and has been moved by itself to the Non-Substance-Related Disorders section of Addictive Disorders (p. 585-589). Gambling Disorder involves persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.
From lecture, define and distinguish between substance abuse and substance dependence.
Substance abuse involves continued substance use despite knowledge of harmful consequences. Substance dependence involves this (“continued use despite knowledge of harm”) as well as the development of tolerance and/or withdrawal symptoms.
Distinguish between delirium and dementia in terms of symptomatology, rate of onset, and clinical course (prognosis).
Delirium has a relatively sudden or rapid onset, usually occurring in hours or days. Prognosis is reversible, with resolution of the underlying medical condition. Primary symptoms involve disturbance of consciousness, reduce clarity of environment, and inability to focus and maintain efficiency in cognitive function such as memory, language, or orientation. Alternatively, Dementia has a slow or progressive onset and a clinical course that varies depending on the causal medical condition, but generally involves either a static or degenerative course. Primary symptoms of dementia involve cognitive deficits in memory as well as the presence of aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, or disturbance in executive functioning.
What is a personality disorder?
From ? - Provide the name and a brief description for each of the types of Personality Disorder presented in the DSM-5.
In the DSM-5, Personality Disorders are conceptualized as long-standing, chronic problems that create social or occupational impairment. More generally, Personality Disorders are most often evident in relational settings, where the rigid and irritating nature of interacting with others creates problems for the individual.
What is a V-code as used in DSM-5?
Clinically relevant conditions not meeting criteria for a formal mental disorder may be described and communicated to others via a v-code diagnosis. V-codes indicate that the condition is a focus of clinical intervention but is not attributable to a mental disorder. Examples include Relationship Distress with Spouse, Academic Problem, Malingering, Bereavement, and Occupational Problem.
Name the 10 personality disorders:
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependant Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Define paranoid personality disorder
a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that other’s motives are interpreted as malevolent
Schizoid Personality Disorder
a pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive/perceptual distortions, and behavioral eccentricities
Antisocial Personality Disorder
a pattern of disregard for, and violation of the right’s of others
Borderline Personality Disorder
a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, with marked impulsivity; typically individuals have intense and unstable relationships
Histrionic Personality Disorder
a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking
