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Radiographic Positioning Bontrager > Test 3 Ch 6, 7 > Flashcards

Test 3 Ch 6, 7 Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones in the foot?

How many tarsals?

A

26

7

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2
Q

Th base of the 5th metatarsal has a rough__________, and is the most _____________fracture

A

Tuberosity

Common

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3
Q

The largest sesame is bone in the body

A

Patella

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4
Q

What projections would we use to see a fracture in a sesamoid bone?

A

Tangential projection

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5
Q

The largest and strongest bone of the foot?

A

Calcaneus

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6
Q

Posterior inferior part of calcaneus ??

A

The tuberosity

Common site for bone spurs

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7
Q

Largest tendons is the ??

Which contains two processes called

A

Achilles’ tendon

Medial and lateral process

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8
Q

What is the sustentaculum?

A

A support for the talus

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9
Q

The talus articulates with 4 bones, what are they?

A

Tibia
Fibula
Calcaneus
Navicular

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10
Q

The deep depression between the posterior and middle articulate facets?

A

Calcaneal sulcus

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11
Q

Benign neoplasticism bone lesions filled with clear fluid in knee joint mostly occurring in children

Appear as lucent areas on X-ray

A

Bone cysts

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12
Q

Also known as runners knee

Softening of cartilage under patella

A

Chondromalacia patellae

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13
Q

What are Malignant tumors of cartilage that occur in pelvis or long bones

Often seen white on radiograph

A

Chondrosarcomas

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14
Q

A slow growing benign tumor found in small bones of hands and feet

Radiolucent appearing on radiograph

A

Enchondroma

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15
Q

Onion peel look on radiograph

A

Ewing sarcoma

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16
Q

Overproduction of bone at knee joint. Growth stops at epiphyseal plate.

A

Exostosis

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17
Q

A form of arthritis; hereditary where Uric acid appears excessively

A

Gout

Initial attack’s at 1st MTP joint of foot

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18
Q

Inflammation of bone and cartilage of anterior proximal tibia

A

Is good schlatter disease

Common in 10-15 yr old boys

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19
Q

Bone softening.. caused by lack of mineralization

A

Rickets

Bowing in children’s legs

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20
Q

What is the Tangential projection of toes used for?

A

For sesamoid bones
Dorsiflex foot
Patient prone position

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21
Q

AP projection of the foot is also known as ?

And we must angle the tube ?

A

Dorsoplantar

Cr angled at 10 degrees
posteriorly toward heel

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22
Q

Where do we direct CR for Lateral-Mediolateral projections of foot

What position of the foot for an oblique foot projection ??

A

Cr directed to medial cuneiform.
Used To see foreign bodies

30-40 degrees; using a 45’ radiolucent sponge

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23
Q

Why do we use weight bearing projections of the feet ?

A

Longitudinal or transverse arches
Or
To see Lisfranic joint injuries
Angle Cr to 15 degrees to midpoint of both feet

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24
Q

What is another name for the Plantodorsal(axial) projection of foot and how do we use it ?

A

Calcaneus projection
Direct Cr to base of 3rd metatarsal
Angle 40 cephalad

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25
Q

AP ankle

A

CR - to midway between malleoli
Adjust foot ankle for true AP but do not force foot

Ankle joint space will not be open

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26
Q

What position is the patient for an AP mortise projection ?

What would we use this projection to see?

A

15-20 degrees medial rotation of lower leg

Entire ankle mortise and the proximal 5th metatarsal; common fracture site.

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27
Q

AP oblique ankle requires the patients leg and foot to rotate how many degrees ?

A

45 degrees medially

And the calcaneus will be super imposed over the lateral malleolus

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28
Q

AP projection of lower leg requires how many inches be included on both ankle and knee joints

A

1-2 inches
Place sand bags on foot if needed for stabilization.
14x17 inch IR ; can place leg diagonally

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29
Q

For an AP knee projection, where do we align the CR?

A

Parallel to articulate facets (tibial plateau)
Average patient is perpindicular

1/2 inch distal or inferior to apex of patella !!!!

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30
Q

Rotate leg how many degrees for a true AP knee??

A

3-5 degrees

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31
Q

Do an oblique knee projection; Rotate knee how many degrees?

A

45 degrees medially

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32
Q

Most routine oblique knee projections include mainly the ??

A

Medial roatation but some places require medial and lateral rotation projection of the knee

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33
Q

For a lateral mediolateral knee projection, what 2 projections are options:

What is the CR angle??

A

Lateral recumbent -
Which requires a 20-30 degree flex of the knee

Horizontal beam - done for patient unable to flex

5-7 degrees cephalad and 1 inch distal to medial epicondyles

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34
Q

Rosenberg method of the bilateral knee projection.

A

Position standing 45 degrees PA flexion for weight bearing bilateral knees.

CR angles at 10 degrees caudad between knee joints 1/2 inch below patella

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35
Q

What are the names of the few Tunnel views of the intercondylar fossa ?

A

Camp Coventry methods = prone (easiest method for pt)
Holmblad method = kneeling
Beclere method= supine

To view intercondykar fossa, knee joint, and articular facet

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36
Q

For an AP of the patella, __________ rotation of the knee by 5 degrees

A

Internal

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37
Q

What projection would we use to see the intercondylar sulcus of the patella ?

A

“ Hobbs modification”or superinferor sitting tangential method of patella

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38
Q

The ligament attached to the head of the femur

A

Capitus femoris

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39
Q

The lesser and greater trochanters are joined posteriorly by a thick ridge called

A

Intertrochanteric crest

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40
Q

The femur and leg must be angled/rotated medially and internally by?? To get a true AP projection

A

15-20 degrees

41
Q

Another name for the 2 hip bones

A

Innominate bones

42
Q

Two positioning landmarks that of which is the Ilium are?

A

Iliac crest

ASIS

43
Q

Directly superior to the ischial spine is a deep notch called?

A

Greater sciatic notch

44
Q

The largest foremen in the body ??

A

Obturator foramen

45
Q

The area above or superior to the oblique plane through the pelvic brim?

A

False pelvis

46
Q

Forms the actual birth canal ?

A

True pelvis

Lesser pelvis

47
Q

The two ischial tuberosities and the top of the coccyx defines the

A

The Outlet

48
Q

The area between the inlet and outlet is

A

The cavity

49
Q

The 3 divisions of the hip bone (acetabulum) are separate in children until they fuse together by what age

A

Middle teens

50
Q

A small depression located in the center of the femoral head

A

Fovea capitus

51
Q

Hip joint classification and mobility and movements are:

A

Synovial
Diathrodial
Ball and socket

52
Q

What movement type is the acetabulum ??

A

Non moveable!!!
Synthrodial mobility
Cartilagenous

53
Q

What physical sign indicates that they have a hip fracture ?

A

The foot rotates externally!

54
Q

Which modality would we use to diagnose early signs of metastatic carcinoma of the pelvis ?

A

Nuclear medicine

55
Q

Malignancy spread to bone via circulatory and lymphatic systems

A

Metastatic carcinoma

56
Q

Which modality will best demonstrate a fracture ring of the pelvis?

A

CT

57
Q

Where is the CR placed for an AP pelvis projection ?

A

Between ASIS and pubis symphysis

58
Q

If the left iliac wing is elongated on an Ap pelvis, that means the Patient is —

A

Rotated toward the right

59
Q

Axiolateral inferosuperior projection (danelius Miller) is trauma or non trauma ??

A

Trauma

60
Q

The Frog leg projections are both trauma or non trauma??

A

Non trauma

61
Q

Modified axiallateral projection (Clements-Nakayama method)

Is trauma or non trauma

A

Truama!

And cr is angled 15-20 degrees posteriorly from horizontal

62
Q

Which pathology is demonstrated for th posterior oblique (Judet method)?

A

Aceteblar fractures

Body rotated 45 degrees

63
Q

How is the CR is angled for the PA axial oblique (tuefel) projection ?

A

12 degree cephalad

64
Q

The imaginary line that separates the false from the true pelvis?

A

Pelvic brim

65
Q

The pubic arch angle on an average male pelvis is an ________ angle and is —

A

Acute

Less than

66
Q

Male or female

Iliac wings that are more flared=
Heart shaped inlet=

A

Female

Male

67
Q

Which structure is most posterior ?

A

Ischial spines

68
Q

Another term for the outlet of the true pelvis ?

A

Inferior aperture

69
Q

In a true AP projection, the lesser trochanter will be _______ visible?

A

Less !

70
Q

The greater pelvis =

The lesser pelvis=

A

False pelvis

True pelvis

71
Q

The roof of the distal ankle joint is called

A

Tibial plafond

72
Q

The ankle joint is which type of joint classification and movement?

A

Synovial joint

Saddle/seller joint

73
Q

The articular facets of the proximal tibia are also called________
And they slope __________ degrees

A

Tibial plateau

10-20 degrees posteriorly

74
Q

The most proximal aspect of the fibula

The extreme distal end of the fibula forms the _______

A

Styloid process

Lateral malleolus

75
Q

The posterior aspect of the distal femur ?

A

Intercondylar fossa

76
Q

The posterloateral aspect of the medial femoral condylarths is also called

A

Adductor tubercle

77
Q

The general region of the posterior knee is

A

Popliteal

78
Q

The posterior surface of the patella is normally rough?

A

No!

79
Q

The two bursae found in the knee joint?

A

Infrapatellar

Suprapatellar

80
Q

The knee joint(femorotibial) is what classification ??

And the patellafemoral joint is??

A

Bicondylar

Saddle

81
Q

What is another name for osteomalacia ?

A

Rickets

82
Q

Asymmetric erosion of joint spaces with calcaneal erosion?

A

Reiters syndrome

83
Q

Small round oval density with lucent center?

A

Osteoid osteoma

84
Q

What is the CR angulation for a PA Axial weight bearing projection (Rosenberg Method)?

A

10 degrees caudad

85
Q

How much knee flexion is needed for the Homblad method?

A

60-70 degrees

86
Q

How much flexion of the knee is recommended for a lateral projection of patella ?

A

5-10 degrees

87
Q

Can be performed using a wheel chair or lowered radiographic table

A

Hobbs Modification

88
Q

Which projection will best bemonstrate someone with Osgood-schlatter disease ??

A

Lateral knee projection

To see tibial tiberosity

89
Q

Where is the CR angled for the frog leg projections ?

A

3 in below ASIS

90
Q

Where is the Cr placed for the unilateral frog leg ??

A

At the midfemoral neck

91
Q

How much obliquity is required for the posterior oblique(Judet Method)??

A

45 degrees

92
Q

Which projections would we use to evaluate the pelvic inlet for possible fracture ?

A

AP Axial projection

93
Q

Taking a lateral mediolateral Knee Projection; there are two options.
A lateral recumbent
And Horizontal Beam. How do they differ??

A

The lateral recumbent is made or patients who can flex their knee 20-30 degrees.
The horizontal beam is for the patient who is unable to flex the knee.

94
Q

For the lateral knee projections, we always angle the CR how many degrees ?

A

5-7 degrees cephalad

95
Q

What is the Merchant bilateral method?

A

A tangential projection Taken of the Patella

96
Q

Direct CR midway between what? for a AP Pelvis?

Position legs how many degrees medially?

A

AsIS and pubis symphysis
Or 2 inch inferior to ASIS

15-20 degrees

97
Q

For an AP frog leg or (modified Cleaves) projections where do we direct the CR ?

A

3 inches below ASIS

And flex both knees 90 degrees

98
Q

Another name for the AP Axial outlet projection?

A

Taylor method
(Trauma pelvis)
Angle Cr cephalad 20-35 * men 30-45* women

99
Q

What do we use the Judet method for?? And is there more than one picture?

A

To picture the Acetabulum!

There are 2 projections right and left obliques

Radiographic Positioning Bontrager (11 decks)

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