Ch 8 Cervical Thoracic Spine Flashcards by Michelle Niewinski

Lordosis

Kyphosis

Scoliosis

Swayback -curve in lumbar

Humpback-curve in thoracic

Lateral curvature - “S like”

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The vertebral column is divided into how many sections ?

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How many vertebrae are in each section as an adult??

7-C
12-T
5-L
1-S
1-C

= 26 Vertebrae as an adult

33 in child do to bones fusing together in the sacrum and coccyx

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Concave

Convex

Rounded inward

Rounded outward

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What does the vertebral foremen contain ?

The spinal cord

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The posterior area of the vertebral arch formed by 2 flat layers called?

Lamina

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The junction of each pedicle and lamina is called

The transverse process

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Respiration could not occur without the _________

Spine

Which serves as a pivot point

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There are _____ articular processes which are ?

4
Superior
Inferior articular processes

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Intervertebral disks are located where?

Tightly between each vertebrae to maintain stability and movement

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What needs to be seen in a lateral view of the vertebra?

Zygapophyseal joints and intervertebral foramina

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The outer fibrous portion of intervertebral disks is?

Annulus fibrosis

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The inner soft gelatinous part of he intevertebral disks is called?

Nucleus pulposus

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C1 and C2 are also known as what names?

C7 is also known as?

C1-atlas
C2-axis
Vertebra prominens (palpable bony area at base of neck)

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Th spinous process found on C2-C7 are called ?

Bifid tips

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Ligament that hold dens against anterior arch of C1 ?

Large ligament between C1-C2?

Atlantoaxial joint

Transverse Atlantal ligament

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To ensure that intervertebral joint spaces are open for lateral thoracic spine projects what is most important to do??

Keep the vertebral column parallel to the IR

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Mild form of scoliosis and kyphosis both ??

Inflammation of the vertebrae ?

Scheuermann disease

Spondylitis

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Abnormal lateral curvature of spine

Avulsion fracture of C7

Scoliosis

Clay Shovelers fracture

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Fracture of the pedicles and anterior arch of C2 with forwRd displacement on C3

Hangman’s fracture

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What projections do we take for an HNP??

AP and Lateral spine

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What projections r required for a Jefferson fracture ??

AP open Mouth (C1-C2 projection)

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During an AP open mouth projection what is required to be seen in the anatomy?

The entire Dens(odontoid) !!

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The lateral projection of the cervical spine should be taken during___________ breath??

Expiration to depress the shoulders as much as possible

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What region of the spine must be demonstrated for a cervicothoracic lateral position??

C5-T3 Aka Swimmers

If unable to demonstrate the Dens on an open mouth projection, what other projection can be taken ?

The Judd or Fuchs Method

What’s the purpose of orthostatic breathing during a lateral projection of the thoracic spine?

To blur our lung and rib markings

What structures are best demonstrated with an AP axial vertebral arch projection ?

Articular pillars (lateral masses) of the cervical spine

Another name for the cervicothoracic lateral position?

Swimmers Method

Where is the level of the xiphoid process ?

T9-T10

The most inferior aspect of the sternum

Xiphoid process

The spinal cord begins at ?? | And ends at ?,

Medula oblangata 1st Lumbar

Which 2 fractures, require us to use the AP open mouth method (C1-C2)?

Jefferson and odontoid fractures

Which projection is required for a patient with schuermann disease ?

Scoliosis series

How much angulation is required for the routine AP axial cervical Spine ?

15-20 degrees cephalad! | Centered at thyroid cartilage (C4)

The lateral cervical spine requires an SID of ? It is also required that the patient depress their shoulders and anatomy shown must be??

72inches Showing C1-C7/T1

The AP or PA projection for C1-C2, is also known as which projections ?

Fuchs (AP) and Judd (PA) Projections! (Chin is raised high with AP and chin is placed forward on table with PA)

The mentomeatal lines during Fuchs or Judd methods should be what to the table??

MML should be perpendicular with Fuchs | MML should be Parallel with the Judd

For lateral hyperfelexion or hyper extension cervical spine positions, SID should be ??

60-72inches Hyper extension =raise chin up Hyperflexion= depress chin down

AP wagging Jaw projection is also known as ottonello method to demonstrate what anatomy ?

Odontoid process surrounding C1.. | wagging meaning mandible continuous motion during exposure

With an AP thoracic spine, CR should be directed to?

T7 (3-4inch below jugular notch)

In A lateral thoracic, T1-T3 will not be visualized but also which breathing technique should be used ?

Othostatic breathing; which patient is in a lateral recumbent position

In a swimmers position of the cervical spine, which anatomy should be demonstarated ? Where should CR be placed?

C5-T3. | Direct CR to T1 (1inch above jugular notch)

When should the swimmers cervical spine be used?

When C7,T1 isn’t visualized in a routine lateral spine

Where is the level of the jugular notch?

T2-T3

Which projection can benefit by using the anode heel effect??

AP Projection | Thoracic Spine

At what level do we place the CR for a thoracic spine ?

CR to T7

On a RAO position, on a oblique cervical spine, we are looking at which vertebral foramina?? Angle of tube?

The right intervertebral foramina | Caudad 15-20*

Lead requirement thickness ? | Flouro lead requirement?

.25mm | .50mm

We use a grid for tissues over 10cm bcuz the thicker the tissue the more scatter but when using a grid, what affect occurs?

Increased patient dose due to having to increase mAS

When would we use a lateral hyperflexion/hyperextention cervical spine?

To rule out whiplash

Which projection requires orthostatic breathing? And why ?

Lateral thoracic | To blur out ribs and lung markings

A wedge compensating filter may be used on?

An AP thoracic spine

In the lateral thoracic projection; what anatomy much be seen?

T1-L1

Where do we center for a cervicothoracic lateral Spine (aka swimmers) ?

T1; 1 inch above jugular notch

An avulsion fracture along any spinous process vertebra of C6-T1

Clay shovelers fracture

Fracture of the anterior C2 arch ??

Hangman’s fracture

Possible narrowing of the disk space ?

HNP

Neck stiffness Vs Inflammation of the vertebrae

Spondylosis | Spondylitis

What is air gap?

When OID (from neck to board) compensates to reduce scatter during lateral cervical spine.

The half moon shaped area along each pedicle on the intervertebral foramina ?

Inferior and superior vertebral notch’s

The vertebral canal protects ??

Th spinal cord

Concave structures are described as also ??

``` Lordotic Aka (cervical and lumbar regions of spine) ```

What do the facets connect to on the thoracic vertebrae?

The ribs (Costovertebral joints) Ribs 1-10 are attached: Ribs 11-12 are not attached!!!

What do the superior and inferior articular process connect to form?

The zygapophyseal joints

The zygapophyseal joints from the midsagittal view are at what angle and why projection used to be seen??

70-75* | Lateral thoracic views

The mastoid tip responds to the level | Gonion-

Of C1 | C3

The zygapophyseal joints are best demonstrated on ? | The intervertebral foramina are best demonstrated on?

The lateral position | Th oblique cervical spine

For the thoracic position of an oblique; the body must be in

A 70 degree position