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Radiographic Positioning Bontrager > Ch 8 Cervical Thoracic Spine > Flashcards

Ch 8 Cervical Thoracic Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Lordosis

Kyphosis

Scoliosis

A

Swayback -curve in lumbar

Humpback-curve in thoracic

Lateral curvature - “S like”

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2
Q

The vertebral column is divided into how many sections ?

A

5

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3
Q

How many vertebrae are in each section as an adult??

A 
7-C
12-T
5-L
1-S
1-C

= 26 Vertebrae as an adult

33 in child do to bones fusing together in the sacrum and coccyx

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4
Q

Concave

Convex

A

Rounded inward

Rounded outward

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5
Q

What does the vertebral foremen contain ?

A

The spinal cord

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6
Q

The posterior area of the vertebral arch formed by 2 flat layers called?

A

Lamina

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7
Q

The junction of each pedicle and lamina is called

A

The transverse process

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8
Q

Respiration could not occur without the _________

A

Spine

Which serves as a pivot point

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9
Q

There are _____ articular processes which are ?

A

4
Superior
Inferior articular processes

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10
Q

Intervertebral disks are located where?

A

Tightly between each vertebrae to maintain stability and movement

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11
Q

What needs to be seen in a lateral view of the vertebra?

A

Zygapophyseal joints and intervertebral foramina

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12
Q

The outer fibrous portion of intervertebral disks is?

A

Annulus fibrosis

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13
Q

The inner soft gelatinous part of he intevertebral disks is called?

A

Nucleus pulposus

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14
Q

C1 and C2 are also known as what names?

C7 is also known as?

A

C1-atlas
C2-axis
Vertebra prominens (palpable bony area at base of neck)

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15
Q

Th spinous process found on C2-C7 are called ?

A

Bifid tips

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16
Q

Ligament that hold dens against anterior arch of C1 ?

Large ligament between C1-C2?

A

Atlantoaxial joint

Transverse Atlantal ligament

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17
Q

To ensure that intervertebral joint spaces are open for lateral thoracic spine projects what is most important to do??

A

Keep the vertebral column parallel to the IR

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18
Q

Mild form of scoliosis and kyphosis both ??

Inflammation of the vertebrae ?

A

Scheuermann disease

Spondylitis

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19
Q

Abnormal lateral curvature of spine

Avulsion fracture of C7

A

Scoliosis

Clay Shovelers fracture

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20
Q

Fracture of the pedicles and anterior arch of C2 with forwRd displacement on C3

A

Hangman’s fracture

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21
Q

What projections do we take for an HNP??

A

AP and Lateral spine

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22
Q

What projections r required for a Jefferson fracture ??

A

AP open Mouth (C1-C2 projection)

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23
Q

During an AP open mouth projection what is required to be seen in the anatomy?

A

The entire Dens(odontoid) !!

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24
Q

The lateral projection of the cervical spine should be taken during___________ breath??

A

Expiration to depress the shoulders as much as possible

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25
Q

What region of the spine must be demonstrated for a cervicothoracic lateral position??

A

C5-T3

Aka Swimmers

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26
Q

If unable to demonstrate the Dens on an open mouth projection, what other projection can be taken ?

A

The Judd or Fuchs Method

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27
Q

What’s the purpose of orthostatic breathing during a lateral projection of the thoracic spine?

A

To blur our lung and rib markings

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28
Q

What structures are best demonstrated with an AP axial vertebral arch projection ?

A

Articular pillars (lateral masses) of the cervical spine

29
Q

Another name for the cervicothoracic lateral position?

A

Swimmers Method

30
Q

Where is the level of the xiphoid process ?

A

T9-T10

31
Q

The most inferior aspect of the sternum

A

Xiphoid process

32
Q

The spinal cord begins at ??

And ends at ?,

A

Medula oblangata

1st Lumbar

33
Q

Which 2 fractures, require us to use the AP open mouth method (C1-C2)?

A

Jefferson and odontoid fractures

34
Q

Which projection is required for a patient with schuermann disease ?

A

Scoliosis series

35
Q

How much angulation is required for the routine AP axial cervical Spine ?

A

15-20 degrees cephalad!

Centered at thyroid cartilage (C4)

36
Q

The lateral cervical spine requires an SID of ?

It is also required that the patient depress their shoulders and anatomy shown must be??

A

72inches

Showing C1-C7/T1

37
Q

The AP or PA projection for C1-C2, is also known as which projections ?

A

Fuchs (AP) and Judd (PA)
Projections!

(Chin is raised high with AP and chin is placed forward on table with PA)

38
Q

The mentomeatal lines during Fuchs or Judd methods should be what to the table??

A

MML should be perpendicular with Fuchs

MML should be Parallel with the Judd

39
Q

For lateral hyperfelexion or hyper extension cervical spine positions, SID should be ??

A

60-72inches

Hyper extension =raise chin up
Hyperflexion= depress chin down

40
Q

AP wagging Jaw projection is also known as ottonello method to demonstrate what anatomy ?

A

Odontoid process surrounding C1..

wagging meaning mandible continuous motion during exposure

41
Q

With an AP thoracic spine, CR should be directed to?

A

T7 (3-4inch below jugular notch)

42
Q

In A lateral thoracic, T1-T3 will not be visualized but also which breathing technique should be used ?

A

Othostatic breathing; which patient is in a lateral recumbent position

43
Q

In a swimmers position of the cervical spine, which anatomy should be demonstarated ?
Where should CR be placed?

A

C5-T3.

Direct CR to T1 (1inch above jugular notch)

44
Q

When should the swimmers cervical spine be used?

A

When C7,T1 isn’t visualized in a routine lateral spine

45
Q

Where is the level of the jugular notch?

A

T2-T3

46
Q

Which projection can benefit by using the anode heel effect??

A

AP Projection

Thoracic Spine

47
Q

At what level do we place the CR for a thoracic spine ?

A

CR to T7

48
Q

On a RAO position, on a oblique cervical spine, we are looking at which vertebral foramina??
Angle of tube?

A

The right intervertebral foramina

Caudad 15-20*

49
Q

Lead requirement thickness ?

Flouro lead requirement?

A

.25mm

.50mm

50
Q

We use a grid for tissues over 10cm bcuz the thicker the tissue the more scatter but when using a grid, what affect occurs?

A

Increased patient dose due to having to increase mAS

51
Q

When would we use a lateral hyperflexion/hyperextention cervical spine?

A

To rule out whiplash

52
Q

Which projection requires orthostatic breathing? And why ?

A

Lateral thoracic

To blur out ribs and lung markings

53
Q

A wedge compensating filter may be used on?

A

An AP thoracic spine

54
Q

In the lateral thoracic projection; what anatomy much be seen?

A

T1-L1

55
Q

Where do we center for a cervicothoracic lateral Spine (aka swimmers) ?

A

T1; 1 inch above jugular notch

56
Q

An avulsion fracture along any spinous process vertebra of C6-T1

A

Clay shovelers fracture

57
Q

Fracture of the anterior C2 arch ??

A

Hangman’s fracture

58
Q

Possible narrowing of the disk space ?

A

HNP

59
Q

Neck stiffness
Vs
Inflammation of the vertebrae

A

Spondylosis

Spondylitis

60
Q

What is air gap?

A

When OID (from neck to board) compensates to reduce scatter during lateral cervical spine.

61
Q

The half moon shaped area along each pedicle on the intervertebral foramina ?

A

Inferior and superior vertebral notch’s

62
Q

The vertebral canal protects ??

A

Th spinal cord

63
Q

Concave structures are described as also ??

A 
Lordotic 
Aka (cervical and lumbar regions of spine)
64
Q

What do the facets connect to on the thoracic vertebrae?

A

The ribs (Costovertebral joints)

Ribs 1-10 are attached:
Ribs 11-12 are not attached!!!

65
Q

What do the superior and inferior articular process connect to form?

A

The zygapophyseal joints

66
Q

The zygapophyseal joints from the midsagittal view are at what angle and why projection used to be seen??

A

70-75*

Lateral thoracic views

67
Q

The mastoid tip responds to the level

Gonion-

A

Of C1

C3

68
Q

The zygapophyseal joints are best demonstrated on ?

The intervertebral foramina are best demonstrated on?

A

The lateral position

Th oblique cervical spine

69
Q

For the thoracic position of an oblique; the body must be in

A

A 70 degree position

Radiographic Positioning Bontrager (11 decks)

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