Final Semester 1 Flashcards
Eliminates solid waste from the body
Eliminates CO2 from the blood
Regulates body activities through various hormones
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Endocrine system
This system actually regulated body temperature; is also the largest organ system in the body!!
Integumentary system
2 divisions of the skeletal system
Axial
Appendicular
The Body type that makes up 50% of the population
Sthenic
Th body type that is 35% of the population; slender body
Hyposthenic
Upright position, palms forward, feet together, and straight
Anatomic position
Vertical plane that separates left and right
Saggital plane
Separating equal anterior and posterior parts
MidCoronal plane
Foot anterior/posterior position names
Hand anterior/posterior names
Foot- A-Dorsum P-plantar
Hand A-Palmer P-dorsal
Trendelenburg -
Fowler -
Modified sims -
Head lower than head
Head higher than feet
Left side right knee flexed over
Cephalad-
Caudad-
Superficial -
Deep-
Toward head
Toward feet
Near skin surface
Farther away skin surface
Ipsilateral
Same side of the body
Atelectsis
What type of compensating filter is used on the shoulder?
Collapse of the lungs
Boomerang
A grid is used on body parts that are greater than
10 cm
The pixel size that is most critical in digital radiography is?
Display matrix
The unit of measure for exposure ?
The unit to measure amount of ionizations created in air?
Air Kerma
Dosimeter/coulomb
Whole body effective dose per year per Technologist?
The cumulative dose limit for a 35 yr old?
50 mSv or 5 Rem
35 Rem
2 common metals used for added filtration ??
Aluminum or copper
Positive Beam limitation
Collimating that restricts the exposure field to the size of the cassette in the Bucky tray !!
Minimum lead equivalency recommended in a protective apron during Flouro ?
0.5 mm
Bones classifications for
Sternum, sacapula?
Tarsal bones ?
Vertebrae, pelvic ?
Flat
Short
Irregular
Spatial resolution is affected mostly by what factor ?
Focal spot size
Federal limit on exposure rat e for intensified Flouro units is?
Average Tabletop exposure rate is ?
10 R/min
1 and 3 R/min
ASRT stated ACE which means??
Announce name
Communicate
Explain
Ionizing radiation effects what first in the human body??
Atoms/cells
Nerve cells are not affected; blood cells affected most
Recognizing if a chest radiograph is ap or pa ?? What do we look for
The sternum will look bigger on a AP.. can’t necessarily check for the heart bcuz some ppl have big hearts
Min # of ribs to be included in a chest X-ray ?
Should the ribs on a lateral chest be superimposed?
10
Yes
A true AP projection of the Shoulder; shoulder should be in?
A true lateral of the proximal humerus?
External rotation
Condylar line will be parallel to IR
Internal rotation
Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of abdomen??
Distended loops of air filled small intestine?
Ascites
Crohn’s disease
Th twisting of loop of intestine
“Coiled spring” appearance
Volvulus
Intussception
Common in kids
A PA projection of the Abdomen is less desirable bcuz of??
OID to kidneys !!
During a KUB, image should be taken during?
During a chest, image should be taken during ?
Expiration
2nd inspiration n hold
To see if there is fluid accumulation in the chest, which position is preferred?
Lateral decubitus
A lateral and erect abdomen projection; the CR should be placed ??
And a normal KUB
2 in above the iliac crest
At level of iliac crest
Food is more prone to enter the _____ bronchus due to it being wider and shorter than the opposite.
Right!
Major organs that are on the opposite side of the body?
Situs inversus
Vertebra prominence are at the level of ?
For a PA chest, we can palpate and CR should be at ?
C7
C7 to T7; CR to T7 (midthorax)
Use jugular notch for APs
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic disease-inflammation of large intestine/colon
Shoulder girdle includes:
Scaphulohumeral joint is what type of joint?
Clavicle and scapulae
Ball and socket
The inferiorsuperior Axial projection is also called what for the shoulder ?
And we use this to see
Lawrence method
Hills Sachs defect !
Trauma projection of the shoulder, the scapular Y lateral is used to see
AC joints
AP projections of the Clavicle involve doing what to CR
Mid clavicle 15-30 degrees cephalad
Cast conversion
Small to medium cast
Large cast
Fiber cast
5-7kv
8-10kv
3-4 Kc
Using weights to see the AC joints of the shoulder, what method is it called??
The Pearson method
The hand has 27 bones
The foot has 26 bones
What is the difference ?
The foot only has 7 tarsals, not 8 like the hand.
Th largest carpal bone?
The largest tarsal bone ?
Th carpal bone that has a hook shaped process?
Capitate
Calcaneus
Hamate
What position best demonstrated the scaphoid ?
Ulnar deviation
The styloid processes are located at _____ distal ends of the radius and Ulna!
Both
The wrist joint is
Th ankle joint is
Elliosoidal
Seller/saddle
The hand must be _______ to make sure that the radius doesn’t crossover the ulna
Supinated
Rheumatoid arthritis is more common in —
Women than in men!
Osteoarthritis
Wrist fracture: fracture of the distal radius
Fracture of metacarpal neck; the base of the 5th metacarpal most common place
Colles fracture
Boxers fracture
Compression of the nerves in hand and wrist; Calcification in the carpal sulcus
What projection is used to see this??
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Tangential-Gaynor-Hart Method
Angle CR 25-30 degrees
Most common place for Bursitis?
Shoulder
Bursitis is fluid filled joint space!
What projection will we use for an elbow trauma patient?
2 projections depending on elbow flexion ability
Coyle method
The _______ clavicle is normally shorter and less curved
Female
Anterior surface of the scapulae ?
Posterior surface ?
Costal
Dorsal
What angle of the CR for the
Toes:
Foot:
Lateral knee:
10-15
10
5-7
Rotation of the ankle and knee projections oblique ankle Lateral ankle Mortise ankle Ap knee Oblique knee Lateral knee
45 90 to medial malleolus 15-20 Rotate leg 3-5 Internally 45
The tunnel view knee projections are used to see??
The intercondylar fossa
The sunrise projections of the knee r used to see?
Intercondylar sulcus Patella/trochlear groove
Why do we place the femur in a 15-20 degree internal rotation for a true AP projection?
Places the femoral neck parallel to IR
The hip joint includes the
And classified as what type of joint
Head of femur into theAcetabulum
Ball and socket joint synovial
Acetabulum has NO movement
An indication that an elderly has fractured or dislocated their hip?
External rotation of the foot
Ankylosis spondylitis
Avulsion (evulsion)
Legg calve Perthes disease
Bamboo spine (spiral)
Muscles tendons sliding over tuberosities
Most common ischemic necrosis
If one may come in for a pelvic ring fracture, what can we assume??
That there may be two fractures; normally another takes place on the opposite side
Malignancy spread to circulatory n lymphatic systems
Metastatic carcinoma
What would we use a Judet method for?
Acetabulum(pelvis)
Left and right oblique projections
Another projection used to see the acetabulum is the Teufel method which is where we angle CR??
12* cephalad
Anatomy interest side down
A unilateral hip projection requires that the leg be??
And CR be perpendicular to ?
Internally rotated 15-20*
To the femoral neck
Form of arthritis where Uric acid appears
Appearance of cotton wool
Affects young boys; proximal anterior tibia
Gout
Paget disease
Osgood Schlatter
Chondromalacia patella also known as??
Runners knee
Softening of cartilage in patella
Onion peel look on radiographs
Malignant bone tumor
Bone softening (tickets)
Ewing sarcoma
Osteomalacia
In the AP pelvis,
The lesser trochanter should
The Frog leg projections should
Not be visible
But greater trochanter will be
Demonstrate lesser trochanters
The unilateral frog leg hip; the femur should be abducted /flexed
45 degrees
When taking AP and Lateral images of a prosthetic; one projection for the entire thing. But the other didn’t, what should we do?
Take another image of the one we didn’t get the entire prosthetic
A total hip replacement involves which bone
2 palpating points for pelvis ?
Acetabulum
ASIS and pubis symohysis
Structure that stores n releases bile
Gallbladder
RUQ contains
RLQ contains
LUQ contains
LLQ contains
Liver, pancreas, gallbladder
Cecum, appendix
Spleen, stomach
Sigmoid colon,
Where is the Coronoid process located?
Ulna
The entire humerus can be seen on a trauma patient of a fractured humerus using the ??
Transthoracic lateral
An AP shoulder, the Cr should be ?
Centered to AC joint, 1 inch inferior to coracoid process
Projection used to see the glenoid process?? Anterior oblique projection
“Open joint”
For dislocation of the scaphulohumeral joint we would use the
Grashey Method
Garth Method
2 bony landmarks for the scapular Y projection ??
Superior angle or scapula and AC joint
Modality that Best demonstrates osteomyelitis ?
Modality for dynamic study of shoulder joint ?
Nuclear medicine
Ultrasound
If right shoulder separation on a patient then we would do what routine??
Acromioclavicular -weight and non weight bearing projections
The largest tendon in the ankle ?
Achilles’ tendon
The extreme distal end of the fibula
Lateral malleolus
Posterior knee region is called
Largest sesamoid bone of body
Popliteal
Patella
