Final Semester 1 Flashcards by Michelle Niewinski

Eliminates solid waste from the body

Eliminates CO2 from the blood

Regulates body activities through various hormones

Digestive system

Respiratory system

Endocrine system

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This system actually regulated body temperature; is also the largest organ system in the body!!

Integumentary system

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2 divisions of the skeletal system

Axial

Appendicular

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The Body type that makes up 50% of the population

Sthenic

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Th body type that is 35% of the population; slender body

Hyposthenic

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Upright position, palms forward, feet together, and straight

Anatomic position

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Vertical plane that separates left and right

Saggital plane

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Separating equal anterior and posterior parts

MidCoronal plane

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Foot anterior/posterior position names

Hand anterior/posterior names

Foot- A-Dorsum P-plantar

Hand A-Palmer P-dorsal

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Trendelenburg -

Fowler -

Modified sims -

Head lower than head

Head higher than feet

Left side right knee flexed over

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Cephalad-
Caudad-
Superficial -
Deep-

Toward head
Toward feet
Near skin surface
Farther away skin surface

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Ipsilateral

Same side of the body

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Atelectsis

What type of compensating filter is used on the shoulder?

Collapse of the lungs

Boomerang

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A grid is used on body parts that are greater than

10 cm

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The pixel size that is most critical in digital radiography is?

Display matrix

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The unit of measure for exposure ?

The unit to measure amount of ionizations created in air?

Air Kerma

Dosimeter/coulomb

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Whole body effective dose per year per Technologist?

The cumulative dose limit for a 35 yr old?

50 mSv or 5 Rem

35 Rem

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2 common metals used for added filtration ??

Aluminum or copper

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Positive Beam limitation

Collimating that restricts the exposure field to the size of the cassette in the Bucky tray !!

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Minimum lead equivalency recommended in a protective apron during Flouro ?

0.5 mm

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Bones classifications for
Sternum, sacapula?
Tarsal bones ?
Vertebrae, pelvic ?

Flat
Short
Irregular

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Spatial resolution is affected mostly by what factor ?

Focal spot size

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Federal limit on exposure rat e for intensified Flouro units is?

Average Tabletop exposure rate is ?

10 R/min

1 and 3 R/min

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ASRT stated ACE which means??

Announce name
Communicate
Explain

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Ionizing radiation effects what first in the human body??

Atoms/cells Nerve cells are not affected; blood cells affected most

Recognizing if a chest radiograph is ap or pa ?? What do we look for

The sternum will look bigger on a AP.. can’t necessarily check for the heart bcuz some ppl have big hearts

Min # of ribs to be included in a chest X-ray ? Should the ribs on a lateral chest be superimposed?

10 Yes

A true AP projection of the Shoulder; shoulder should be in? A true lateral of the proximal humerus?

External rotation Condylar line will be parallel to IR Internal rotation

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity of abdomen?? Distended loops of air filled small intestine?

Ascites Crohn’s disease

Th twisting of loop of intestine “Coiled spring” appearance

Volvulus Intussception Common in kids

A PA projection of the Abdomen is less desirable bcuz of??

OID to kidneys !!

During a KUB, image should be taken during? During a chest, image should be taken during ?

Expiration | 2nd inspiration n hold

To see if there is fluid accumulation in the chest, which position is preferred?

Lateral decubitus

A lateral and erect abdomen projection; the CR should be placed ?? And a normal KUB

2 in above the iliac crest At level of iliac crest

Food is more prone to enter the _____ bronchus due to it being wider and shorter than the opposite.

Right!

Major organs that are on the opposite side of the body?

Situs inversus

Vertebra prominence are at the level of ? | For a PA chest, we can palpate and CR should be at ?

C7 C7 to T7; CR to T7 (midthorax) Use jugular notch for APs

Ulcerative colitis

Chronic disease-inflammation of large intestine/colon

Shoulder girdle includes: Scaphulohumeral joint is what type of joint?

Clavicle and scapulae | Ball and socket

The inferiorsuperior Axial projection is also called what for the shoulder ? And we use this to see

Lawrence method Hills Sachs defect !

Trauma projection of the shoulder, the scapular Y lateral is used to see

AC joints

AP projections of the Clavicle involve doing what to CR

Mid clavicle 15-30 degrees cephalad

Cast conversion Small to medium cast Large cast Fiber cast

5-7kv 8-10kv 3-4 Kc

Using weights to see the AC joints of the shoulder, what method is it called??

The Pearson method

The hand has 27 bones The foot has 26 bones What is the difference ?

The foot only has 7 tarsals, not 8 like the hand.

Th largest carpal bone? The largest tarsal bone ? Th carpal bone that has a hook shaped process?

Capitate Calcaneus Hamate

What position best demonstrated the scaphoid ?

Ulnar deviation

The styloid processes are located at _____ distal ends of the radius and Ulna!

Both

The wrist joint is | Th ankle joint is

Elliosoidal | Seller/saddle

The hand must be _______ to make sure that the radius doesn’t crossover the ulna

Supinated

Rheumatoid arthritis is more common in —

Women than in men! Osteoarthritis

Wrist fracture: fracture of the distal radius Fracture of metacarpal neck; the base of the 5th metacarpal most common place

Colles fracture Boxers fracture

Compression of the nerves in hand and wrist; Calcification in the carpal sulcus What projection is used to see this??

Carpal tunnel syndrome Tangential-Gaynor-Hart Method Angle CR 25-30 degrees

Most common place for Bursitis?

Shoulder | Bursitis is fluid filled joint space!

What projection will we use for an elbow trauma patient? | 2 projections depending on elbow flexion ability

Coyle method

The _______ clavicle is normally shorter and less curved

Female

Anterior surface of the scapulae ? | Posterior surface ?

Costal | Dorsal

What angle of the CR for the Toes: Foot: Lateral knee:

10-15 10 5-7

``` Rotation of the ankle and knee projections oblique ankle Lateral ankle Mortise ankle Ap knee Oblique knee Lateral knee ```

``` 45 90 to medial malleolus 15-20 Rotate leg 3-5 Internally 45 ```

The tunnel view knee projections are used to see??

The intercondylar fossa

The sunrise projections of the knee r used to see?

Intercondylar sulcus Patella/trochlear groove

Why do we place the femur in a 15-20 degree internal rotation for a true AP projection?

Places the femoral neck parallel to IR

The hip joint includes the | And classified as what type of joint

Head of femur into theAcetabulum Ball and socket joint synovial Acetabulum has NO movement

An indication that an elderly has fractured or dislocated their hip?

External rotation of the foot

Ankylosis spondylitis Avulsion (evulsion) Legg calve Perthes disease

Bamboo spine (spiral) Muscles tendons sliding over tuberosities Most common ischemic necrosis

If one may come in for a pelvic ring fracture, what can we assume??

That there may be two fractures; normally another takes place on the opposite side

Malignancy spread to circulatory n lymphatic systems

Metastatic carcinoma

What would we use a Judet method for?

Acetabulum(pelvis) | Left and right oblique projections

Another projection used to see the acetabulum is the Teufel method which is where we angle CR??

12* cephalad | Anatomy interest side down

A unilateral hip projection requires that the leg be?? | And CR be perpendicular to ?

Internally rotated 15-20* | To the femoral neck

Form of arthritis where Uric acid appears Appearance of cotton wool Affects young boys; proximal anterior tibia

Gout Paget disease Osgood Schlatter

Chondromalacia patella also known as??

Runners knee | Softening of cartilage in patella

Onion peel look on radiographs Malignant bone tumor Bone softening (tickets)

Ewing sarcoma Osteomalacia

In the AP pelvis, The lesser trochanter should The Frog leg projections should

Not be visible But greater trochanter will be Demonstrate lesser trochanters

The unilateral frog leg hip; the femur should be abducted /flexed

45 degrees

When taking AP and Lateral images of a prosthetic; one projection for the entire thing. But the other didn’t, what should we do?

Take another image of the one we didn’t get the entire prosthetic

A total hip replacement involves which bone 2 palpating points for pelvis ?

Acetabulum ASIS and pubis symohysis

Structure that stores n releases bile

Gallbladder

RUQ contains RLQ contains LUQ contains LLQ contains

Liver, pancreas, gallbladder Cecum, appendix Spleen, stomach Sigmoid colon,

Where is the Coronoid process located?

Ulna

The entire humerus can be seen on a trauma patient of a fractured humerus using the ??

Transthoracic lateral

An AP shoulder, the Cr should be ?

Centered to AC joint, 1 inch inferior to coracoid process

Projection used to see the glenoid process?? Anterior oblique projection “Open joint” For dislocation of the scaphulohumeral joint we would use the

Grashey Method Garth Method

2 bony landmarks for the scapular Y projection ??

Superior angle or scapula and AC joint

Modality that Best demonstrates osteomyelitis ? Modality for dynamic study of shoulder joint ?

Nuclear medicine Ultrasound

If right shoulder separation on a patient then we would do what routine??

Acromioclavicular -weight and non weight bearing projections

The largest tendon in the ankle ?

Achilles’ tendon

The extreme distal end of the fibula

Lateral malleolus

Posterior knee region is called Largest sesamoid bone of body

Popliteal Patella