test 3 ch 11

Question 1

target organs: hypothalamus

suppresses appetite

Answer 1

adipose tissue

Question 2

target organs: liver, muscles, kidneys

glucocorticoids influence glucose metabolism; aldosterone promotes Na+ retention, K+ excretion

Answer 2

adrenal cortex

Question 3

target organs: heart, bronchioles, blood vessels

causes adrenergic stimulation

Answer 3

adrenal medulla

Question 4

target organs: kidneys

promotes excretion of Na+ in the urine

Answer 4

heart

Question 5

target organs: anterior pituitary

regulates secretion of anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 5

hypothalamus

Question 6

target organs: stomach, liver, pancreas

inhibits gastric motility and stimulates bile and pancreatic juice secretion

Answer 6

small intestine

Question 7

target organs: many organs, liver, adipose tissue

insulin promotes cellular uptake of glucose and formation of glycogen and fat; glucagon stimulates hydrolysis of glycogen and fat

Answer 7

islets of Langerhans (pancreas)

Question 8

target organs: bone marrow

stimulates red blood cell production

Answer 8

kidneys

Question 9

target organs: cartilage

stimulates cell division and growth

Answer 9

liver

Question 10

target organs: female reproductive tract and mammary glands

maintains structure of reproductive tract and promotes secondary sex characteristics

Answer 10

ovaries

Question 11

target organs: bone, small intestine, kidneys

increases Ca++ concentration in blood

Answer 11

parathyroid glands

Question 12

target organs: hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

affects secretion of gonadotrophic hormones

Answer 12

pineal gland

Question 13

target organs: endocrine glands and other organs

stimulates growth and development of target organs ; stimulates secretion of other hormones

Answer 13

pituitary, anterior

Question 14

target organs: kidneys, blood vessels, uterus, mammary glands

antidiuretic hormone promotes water retention and vasoconstriction; oxytocin stimulates contraction of uterus and mammary secretory units

Answer 14

pituitary, posterior

Question 15

target organs: small intestine

stimulates absorption of Ca++

Answer 15

skin

Question 16

target organs: stomach

stimulates acid secretion

Answer 16

stomach

Question 17

target organs: prostate, seminal vesicles, and other organs

stimulates secondary sexual development

Answer 17

testes

Question 18

target organs: lymph nodes

stimulates white blood cell production

Answer 18

thymus

Question 19

target organs: most organs

thyroxine and triiodothyronine promote growth and development and stimulate basal rate of cell respiration; calcitonin may participate in the regulation of blood Ca++ levels

Answer 19

thyroid gland

Question 20

what are the three ways an endocrine organ can be stimulated to secrete hormones?

Answer 20

hormonal, humoral, neural

Question 21

when another hormone stimulates the release of a hormone

Answer 21

hormone stimulation of an endocrine organ

Question 22

when a change in the blood levels of a nutrient or ion stimulates the release of a hormone

Answer 22

humoral stimulation of an endocrine organ

Question 23

when a nerve signal stimulates the release of hormones

Answer 23

neural stimulation of an endocrine organ

Question 24

what are the three classifications of hormones based on their structure?

Answer 24

protein, steroid, and biogenic amine hormones

Question 25

hormones that are polar and water-soluble (travel through blood without a carrier) and their target cell receptor receptors are on the cell membrane

Answer 25

protein hormones

Question 26

hormones that are produced in the gonads and adrenal cortex, nonpolar and lipid-soluble, need a carrier protein to travel through the blood and their target-cell receptors are located inside the cell

Answer 26

steroid hormones

Question 27

hormones that are known as thyroid hormone and catecholamines from adrenal medulla; thyroid hormones are nonpolar, lipid soluble so they need a carrier protein and a receptor inside the target cell; catecholamines are polar, water-soluble so they don't need a carrier protein and their target cell receptors are on the cell membrane

Answer 27

biogenic amine hormones

Question 28

two or more hormones work together to produce a desired effect

Answer 28

synergistic

Question 29

give an example of additive synergistic interaction of hormones

Answer 29

epinephrine and norepinephrine - effect on the heart

Question 30

give an example of complementary synergistic interaction of hormones

Answer 30

estrogen, prolactin, and oxytocin work together to product milk

Question 31

first hormone enhances the responsiveness of the target to the second hormone

Answer 31

permissive

Question 32

give an example of permissive interaction of hormones

Answer 32

estrogen will make the uterus more responsive (sensitive) to progesterone

Question 33

hormones have opposing effects on the target cell

Answer 33

antagonistic

Question 34

give an example of an antagonistic interaction between hormones

Answer 34

glucagon (increases blood glucose) and insulin (decreases blood glucose)

Question 35

disorder involving growth hormone where there is insufficient growth hormone before adolescent growth is complete

Answer 35

pituitary dwarfism

Question 36

disorder involving growth hormone where there is too much growth hormone before adolescent growth is complete

Answer 36

pituitary giagantism

Question 37

disorder involving growth hormone where there is too much growth hormone after the closure of growth plates

Answer 37

acromegaly

Question 38

disorder involving thyroid hormone where there is increased production of thyroid hormone; results in increased metabolic rate, weight loss, hyperactivity, and heat intolerance

Answer 38

hyperthyroidism

Question 39

disorder involving thyroid hormone where there is decreased production of thyroid hormone; results in low metabolic rate, weight gain, cold intolerance, lethargy, and photophobia

Answer 39

hypothyroidism

Question 40

disorder involving thyroid hormone where there is an enlargement of the thyroid, usually due to insufficient dietary iodine

Answer 40

goiter

Question 41

disorder involving excess glucocorticoids , results in body obesity, hypertension, excess hair growth, kidney stones, and menstrual irregularities

Answer 41

Cushing syndrome

Question 42

chronic shortage of glucocorticoids and sometimes mineralocorticoids, could be due to lack of ACTH; results in weight loss, fatigue, and skin darkening

Answer 42

Addison disease

Question 43

inadequate uptake of glucose from the blood; can result in retinal blindness, kidney failure, and limb aputations

Answer 43

diabetes mellitus

Question 44

decreased insulin production usually seen in children, may be autoimmune, requires insulin injections

Answer 44

type I diabetes mellitus

Question 45

decreased insulin release or effectiveness usually seen in adults, obesity is a major cause, can be treated with diet, exercise, and medication

Answer 45

type II diabetes mellitus

Question 46

type of diabetes seen in pregnant women

Answer 46

gestational diabetes

Question 47

(condition, not a disease) low blood glucose levels that may result in dizziness, confusion, sweating, and sleepiness

Answer 47

hypoglycemia