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physiology > test 1: ch1 > Flashcards

test 1: ch1 Flashcards

1
Q

the study of the function; the study of how parts of the body work independently and/or with each other

A

physiology

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2
Q

process scientists use to form hypotheses or laws, test them, and form scientific theories; starts with observations

A

scientific method

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3
Q

may be formed from supported hypotheses

A

theory

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4
Q

maintenance of a constant, optimal internal environment; termed coined by Walter Cannon

A

homeostasis

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5
Q

the order of the homeostasis mechanism:

A

stimulus -> receptor or sensor -> integrating center -> effector

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6
Q

change from normal conditions

A

stimulus

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7
Q

detects stimulus

A

receptor or sensor

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8
Q

processes information and formulates response

A

integrating center

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9
Q

causes change

A

effector

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10
Q

response by effector that negates or opposes the original stimulus

A

negative feedback/antagonistic response

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11
Q

response by effector that enhances original stimulus

A

positive feedback

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12
Q

examples of positive feedback

A

blood clotting, uterine contractions during childbirth

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13
Q

examples of negative feedback

A

body temp (if it rises, body works to lower it and vice versa)

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14
Q

regulation where cells within organ process stimulus and elicit change (within)

A

intrinsic regualtion

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15
Q

regulation that involves nervous and/or endocrine systems (out of)

A

extrinsic regulation

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16
Q

groups of cells working together toward a common function

A

primary tissues

17
Q

covering and lining tissue type, forms glands; functions in protection, secretion, absorption, and diffusion

A

epithelial tissue

18
Q

type of tissue that is attached to connective tissues at the bottom by basement membrane; has a free (apical) surface

A

directional

19
Q

glands that secrete hormones into blood or interstitial fluid; do not have ducts

A

endocrine glands

20
Q

glands that secrete chemicals onto epithelial surfaces/membranes through ducts

A

exocrine glands

21
Q

composed of two or more tissue types

A

organs

22
Q

organs working together toward a common function

A

system

23
Q

fluid inside the cell – approximately 67% of body fluid

A

intracellular fluid

24
Q

fluid outside the cell – approximately 33% of body fluid (blood plasma and interstitial fluid)

A

extracellular fluid

25
Q

tissue that is in several locations; functions to support, protect, cushion, and transport

A

connective tissue

26
Q

what are the different types of connective tissues?

A

loose, dense, adipose, cartilage, bone, and blood

27
Q

osteblasts

A

build new bone

28
Q

ostecytes

A

mature bone cells

29
Q

type of connective tissue around organs and in the skin

A

loose

30
Q

examples of this connective tissue are tendons and ligaments

A

dense

31
Q

type of connective tissue that is used for protecting organs and insulating the body

A

adipose

32
Q

type of tissue that is specialized for contraction

A

muscle tissue

33
Q

what are the different types of muscle tissue?

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

34
Q

type of muscle tissue that is voluntary and striated; attached to bones

A

skeletal

35
Q

type of muscle tissue that is involuntary and striated; in the heart wall

A

cardiac

36
Q

type of muscle tissue that is involuntary and non-striated; in the walls of hollow organs and blood vessels

A

smooth

37
Q

type of tissue that functions in communication by means of action potentials (electrical impulses)

A

nervous tissue

38
Q

type of cell in nervous tissue that transmit the electrical impulses (have dendrites, cell body, and axon)

A

neurons

39
Q

type of cell in nervous tissue that support the neurons

A

neuroglia

physiology (14 decks)

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