test 1: ch1

Question 1

the study of the function; the study of how parts of the body work independently and/or with each other

Answer 1

physiology

Question 2

process scientists use to form hypotheses or laws, test them, and form scientific theories; starts with observations

Answer 2

scientific method

Question 3

may be formed from supported hypotheses

Answer 3

theory

Question 4

maintenance of a constant, optimal internal environment; termed coined by Walter Cannon

Answer 4

homeostasis

Question 5

the order of the homeostasis mechanism:

Answer 5

stimulus -> receptor or sensor -> integrating center -> effector

Question 6

change from normal conditions

Answer 6

stimulus

Question 7

detects stimulus

Answer 7

receptor or sensor

Question 8

processes information and formulates response

Answer 8

integrating center

Question 9

causes change

Answer 9

effector

Question 10

response by effector that negates or opposes the original stimulus

Answer 10

negative feedback/antagonistic response

Question 11

response by effector that enhances original stimulus

Answer 11

positive feedback

Question 12

examples of positive feedback

Answer 12

blood clotting, uterine contractions during childbirth

Question 13

examples of negative feedback

Answer 13

body temp (if it rises, body works to lower it and vice versa)

Question 14

regulation where cells within organ process stimulus and elicit change (within)

Answer 14

intrinsic regualtion

Question 15

regulation that involves nervous and/or endocrine systems (out of)

Answer 15

extrinsic regulation

Question 16

groups of cells working together toward a common function

Answer 16

primary tissues

Question 17

covering and lining tissue type, forms glands; functions in protection, secretion, absorption, and diffusion

Answer 17

epithelial tissue

Question 18

type of tissue that is attached to connective tissues at the bottom by basement membrane; has a free (apical) surface

Answer 18

directional

Question 19

glands that secrete hormones into blood or interstitial fluid; do not have ducts

Answer 19

endocrine glands

Question 20

glands that secrete chemicals onto epithelial surfaces/membranes through ducts

Answer 20

exocrine glands

Question 21

composed of two or more tissue types

Answer 21

organs

Question 22

organs working together toward a common function

Answer 22

system

Question 23

fluid inside the cell – approximately 67% of body fluid

Answer 23

intracellular fluid

Question 24

fluid outside the cell – approximately 33% of body fluid (blood plasma and interstitial fluid)

Answer 24

extracellular fluid

Question 25

tissue that is in several locations; functions to support, protect, cushion, and transport

Answer 25

connective tissue

Question 26

what are the different types of connective tissues?

Answer 26

loose, dense, adipose, cartilage, bone, and blood

Question 27

osteblasts

Answer 27

build new bone

Question 28

ostecytes

Answer 28

mature bone cells

Question 29

type of connective tissue around organs and in the skin

Answer 29

loose

Question 30

examples of this connective tissue are tendons and ligaments

Answer 30

dense

Question 31

type of connective tissue that is used for protecting organs and insulating the body

Answer 31

adipose

Question 32

type of tissue that is specialized for contraction

Answer 32

muscle tissue

Question 33

what are the different types of muscle tissue?

Answer 33

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 34

type of muscle tissue that is voluntary and striated; attached to bones

Answer 34

skeletal

Question 35

type of muscle tissue that is involuntary and striated; in the heart wall

Answer 35

cardiac

Question 36

type of muscle tissue that is involuntary and non-striated; in the walls of hollow organs and blood vessels

Answer 36

smooth

Question 37

type of tissue that functions in communication by means of action potentials (electrical impulses)

Answer 37

nervous tissue

Question 38

type of cell in nervous tissue that transmit the electrical impulses (have dendrites, cell body, and axon)

Answer 38

neurons

Question 39

type of cell in nervous tissue that support the neurons

Answer 39

neuroglia