test 2 ch8

Question 1

what is the largest part of the brain?

Answer 1

the cerebrum

Question 2

why is the cerebral cortex important?

Answer 2

because sensory info must reach it for us to become consciously aware of the sensation

Question 3

what does the right hemisphere of the brain control?

Answer 3

controls movements on left side of the body

Question 4

what does the left hemisphere of the brain control?

Answer 4

controls movements on the right side of the body

Question 5

how do the hemispheres of the brain communicate with eachother?

Answer 5

they communicate across the corpus callosum

Question 6

known as when certain tasks are usually done by a specific hemisphere

Answer 6

cerebral lateralization

Question 7

what tasks are associated with the right hemisphere?

Answer 7

music composition, visual-spatial awareness, map reading

Question 8

what tasks are associated with the left hemisphere?

Answer 8

language and speech, writing, calculations

Question 9

what divides the brain anteriorly and posteriorly?

Answer 9

the central sulcus

Question 10

an area of the brain that is located in the frontal lobe and is the location of the primary motor cortex

Answer 10

pre-central gyrus

Question 11

area of the brain that is responsible for voluntary skeletal muscle movements

Answer 11

primary motor cortex

Question 12

an area of the brain that is located in the parietal lobe, it is the location of the primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 12

post-central gyrus

Question 13

are of the brain where somesthetic information needs to come for us to be able to become consciously aware of it (touch, pain, temperature)

Answer 13

somatosensory cortex

Question 14

the lobe of the brain that is in charge of higher-order brain functions (concentration, decision-making, learning), personality, voluntary skeletal movements, and verbal communication

Answer 14

frontal lobe

Question 15

an area on the LEFT frontal lobe of the brain that is responsible for motor actions of speech

Answer 15

the left frontal lobe (known as Broca’s speech area)

Question 16

lobe of the brain the is in charge of somesthetic interpretation, interpretation of shapes and textures

Answer 16

parietal lobe

Question 17

an area on the LEFT parietal lobe that is in charge of understanding speech and formulating words of expression

Answer 17

Wernicke’s area

Question 18

lobe of the brain that is in charge of vision

Answer 18

occipital lobe

Question 19

lobe of the brain that is responsible for audition (hearing), and olfaction (smell), it also stores visual and auditory memories

Answer 19

temporal lobe

Question 20

lobe of the brain that in charge of taste and is involved in memory

Answer 20

Insula

Question 21

test that can read brain waves in the cerebral cortex

Answer 21

EEG (electroencephalogram)

Question 22

where is an alpha wave seen?

Answer 22

in an awake and relaxed brain

Question 23

where is a beta wave seen?

Answer 23

with visual stimulation and mental activity

Question 24

where is a theta wave seen?

Answer 24

(T=toddler) its seen in children, abnormal if seen in an awake adult but it is seen in REM sleep

Question 25

where is a delta wave seen?

Answer 25

seen in deep sleep; indicative of brain damage in an awake adult

Question 26

help regulate skeletal muscle motor movement (connected to frontal lobe), located in the cerebrum, consists of lentiform and caudate nuclei, and is part of the extrapyramidal system

Answer 26

basal nuclei

Question 27

system that consists of cingulate gyrus, amygdala, and hypothalamus in diencephalon; is responsible for emotions

Answer 27

limbic system

Question 28

which part of the limbic system is responsible for aggression?

Answer 28

areas in the amygdala and hypothalamus

Question 29

which part of the limbic system is responsible for fear?

Answer 29

amygdala and hypothalamus

Question 30

which part of the limbic system is responsible for hunger/satiety?

Answer 30

hypothalamus

Question 31

which part of the limbic system is responsible for sex drive?

Answer 31

the whole system

Question 32

which part of the limbic system is responsible for goal-directed behaviors?

Answer 32

hypothalamus and other regions

Question 33

very-short term memory, involves prefrontal cortex

Answer 33

working memory

Question 34

memory of recent events

Answer 34

short-term memory

Question 35

how is short-term memory converted to long-term memory?

Answer 35

consolidation

Question 36

consolidation requires what type of sleep?

Answer 36

REM sleep

Question 37

where does consolidation occur?

Answer 37

in the medial temporal lobe, hippocampus, and amygdala

Question 38

memory of skills like tying shoes

Answer 38

non-declarative memory

Question 39

memory of things that can be verbalized (semantic or episodic)

Answer 39

declarative memory

Question 40

what does semantic refer to?

Answer 40

facts

Question 41

what does episodic refer to?

Answer 41

events

Question 42

part of the diencephalon that contains pineal gland that secretes the hormone melatonin

Answer 42

epithalamus

Question 43

part of the diencephalon that is a relay station for sensory information coming into the brain; all sensory information (except olfaction) goes through this part of the diencephalon first before reaching the cerebral cortex

Answer 43

thalamus

Question 44

part of the diencephalon that has many functions: hunger and thirst centers, regulation of body temperature, regulation of sleep/wakefulness, sexual arousal and performance, emotions (fear, anger, pain, pleasure), controls the endocrine system, and releases regulatory hormones that control release of hormones from anterior pituitary

Answer 44

hypothalamus

Question 45

part of the brain in the diencephalon that releases regulatory hormones that control release of hormones from anterior pituitary

Answer 45

hypothalamus

Question 46

part of the brain in the diencephalon that produces ADH and oxytocin (in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei) that travel along neurons to the posterior pituitary for release

Answer 46

hypothalamus

Question 47

nuclei in the midbrain that is responsible for visual reflexes

Answer 47

superior colliculi

Question 48

nuclei in the midbrain that is responsible for auditory reflexes

Answer 48

inferior colliculi

Question 49

nuclei in the midbrain that is responsible for muscle movement

Answer 49

substantia nigra and red nucleus

Question 50

nuclei in the midbrain that that is responsible for reticular activating system and movement

Answer 50

reticular information

Question 51

area of the hindbrain that is the location of sensory and motor tracts to/from spinal cord; and contains two respiratory control centers

Answer 51

pons

Question 52

area of the hindbrain that is involved in motor control (especially fine motor), inhibits the primary motor cortex to fine-tun movements for balance and coordination, receives input from proprioceptors

Answer 52

cerebellum

Question 53

area of the hindbrain that has the vasomotor center (blood vessel), the cardiac center (heart), and the respiratory rhythmicity center (works with pons to reg. breathing)

Answer 53

medulla oblongata

Question 54

center in the medulla oblongata that controls blood vessel diameter

Answer 54

vasomotor center

Question 55

center in the medulla oblongata that that regulates heart rate

Answer 55

cardiac center

Question 56

center in the medulla oblongata that works with pons to regulate breathing

Answer 56

respiratory rhythmicity center

Question 57

- a system located in the brainstem (pons) - neurons are part of reticular information - connections to thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebrum

Answer 57

reticular activating system (RAS)

Question 58

what happens at the inhibition of the reticular activating system

Answer 58

sleep

Question 59

what happens at the activation of the reticular activating system

Answer 59

arousal from sleep; consciously aware of stimuli

Question 60

what happens at the failure of the reticular activating system

Answer 60

narcolepsy

Question 61

what are ascending tracts?

Answer 61

they carry SENSORY information UP to the brain

Question 62

what are descending tracts?

Answer 62

they carry MOTOR information DOWN from the brain

Question 63

- a part of the peripheral nervous system - most nerves here are mixed (both motor and sensory) while some are only sensory - there are 12 types of these nerves

Answer 63

cranial nerves

Question 64

- a part of the peripheral nervous system - all are mixed nerves (sensory and motor) - split into dorsal (sensory) root and ventral (motor) root near spinal cord

Answer 64

spinal nerves

Question 65

steps of ______ ____ involving the spinal cord: - stimulus receptor - activation of sensory neuron - information processing by spinal cord activation - activation of motor neuron - response by effector

Answer 65

reflex arcs