Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physiology > test 3 ch 10 > Flashcards

test 3 ch 10 Flashcards

1
Q

what type of receptors focus on pain?

A

nociceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what type of receptors focus on membrane distortion (touch, pressure, hearing, and equilibrium)?

A

mechanoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of receptors focus on dissolved chemicals (taste, smell, pH, CO2)?

A

chemoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what type of receptors focus on the feeling of cold or hot?

A

thermoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of receptors focus on light?

A

photoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

receptor that responds to stimuli inside the body

A

interoceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

receptor that responds to stimuli from outside the body

A

exteroceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

receptors that respond to sight, hearing, taste, and equilibrium

A

special senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

receptors that respond to touch, temp, pressure, and pain info from skin

A

cutaneous receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

markels disc

A

touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ruffini corpuscles

A

skin stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

texture, slow vibrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pacinian corpuscles

A

deep pressure, fast vibrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pain in body region different from original stimulus

A

referred pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the types of free nerve endings

A

cold or hot (more cold than hot); pain (nociception)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

free nerve ending pain receptor that is an ion (Na+ and Ca++) channel that binds the chemical in chili peppers = hot + pain

A

capsaicin receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

receptor that quickly adapt to stimulus (sensory adaptation)

A

phasic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

receptors that do not adapt (ex. pain)

A

tonic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

another word for taste

A

gustation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the special senses (5 of them)?

A

taste (gustation), smell (olfaction), equilibrium, hearing (audition), vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

taste: H+ enters cell resulting in depolarization

A

sour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

taste: Na+ enters cells resulting in depolarization

A

salty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

taste: sugar or glutamate bind to cell, 2nd messenger system, closes K+ channels, leads to depolarization

A

sweet and umami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

taste: quinine binds to cell, 2nd messenger system, releases Ca++

A

bitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

describe the process of taste

A

action potentials travel along cranial nerve VII and IX -> medulla oblongata -> thalamus -> 1. primary gustatory cortex in insula, 2. primary somatosensory cortex on postcentral gyrus (texture and temp), 3. prefrontal cortex (associates food with rewards)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the only sense that does NOT go through the thalamus?

A

smell (olfaction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is a sense that is closely linked to the limbic system?

A

smell (olfaction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

describe the process of smell

A

chemicals bind to dendrites of bipolar cells -> generates action potentials in cranial nerve I -> synapse in olfactory bulb -. action potential travel to 1. prefrontal cortex, 2. medial temporal lobes, 3. hippocampus, 4. amygdala

29
Q

special sense that is detected by hair cells in the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear

A

equilibrium

30
Q

what happens when stereocilia and kinocilium are distorted?

A

action potentials are generated

31
Q

linear acceleration is detected by what parts of the vestibular apparatus?

A

utricle and saccule

32
Q

describe the process of generating action potentials during linear acceleration

A

otolithic membrane moves, bending cilia

33
Q

in linear acceleration, what houses hair cells?

A

maculae

34
Q

head rotation is detected by what part of the vestibular apparatus?

A

semicircular canals

35
Q

in head rotation, what houses hair cells?

A

ampullae

36
Q

describe the process of generating action potentials during head rotation

A

endolymph moves cupula, bending cilia

37
Q

describe the entire process of equilibrium

A

action potentials travel along vestibular branch of cranial nerve VIII -> medulla oblongata -> 1. oculomotor area of brainstem to control eye movements, 2. spinal cord to adjust body position

38
Q

what detects hearing?

A

hair cells in cochlea of inner ear, specifically detected by hair cells located in the organ of corti or spiral organ

39
Q

how is the frequency of sound waves measured?

A

Hertz

40
Q

the process of cochlea pressure waves distorting the basilar membrane depends on what?

A

the frequency of the sound

41
Q

describe the process of hearing

A

sound wavess enter external acoustic meatus and vibrate tympanic membrane -> movement of the malleus, incus, and stapes (auditory ossicles) -> stapes pulls on oval window, creating pressure waves in vestibular duct of cochlea -> endolymph of cochlear duct -> distortion of the basilar membrane as pressure waves in pass to tympanic duct -> hair cells on basilar membrane vibrate up against tectorial membrane -> action potential generated in cochlea branch of cranial nerve VIII -> medulla oblongata -> inferior colliculus -> thalamus -> auditory cortex of temporal lobe

42
Q

a hearing impairment where sound waves not conducted from inner to outer ear and is caused by build up of earwax, excess fluid in middle ear, or overgrowth of bone in middle ear

A

conduction deafness

43
Q

a hearing impairment where action potentials not conducted from cochlea to auditory cortex in temporal lobe, can be due to damaged hair cells from loud noises, loss of hair cells, or damage to cochlear branch of cranial nerve VIII

A

sensorineural/perceptive deafness

44
Q

describe the visual process

A

light waves -> cornea -> aqueous humor in anterior eye chamber -> pupil -> lens -> vitreous humor of posterior chamber -> photoreceptors on retina -> action potentials travel along bipolar cells to ganglion cells to optic nerve at optic disc -> 1. superior colliculus, 2. thalamus -> visual cortex in occipital lobe

45
Q

photoreceptor in retina that is responsible for black/white vision in dim light

A

rods

46
Q

photoreceptor that uses rhodopsin

A

rods

47
Q

photoreceptor in retina that is responsible for color vision (blue - short, green - medium, red - long)

A

cones

48
Q

photoreceptor that uses photopsin

A

cones

49
Q

how many photoreceptors are located in the optic disc?

A

0, known as blind spot

50
Q

visual disorder characterized by cloudiness of lens

A

cataracts

51
Q

visual disorder characterized by near-sightedness from elongated eyeball

A

myopia

51
Q

visual disorder characterized by irreversible damage to optic nerve from build up of aqueous fluid; possibly due to blockage of canal of schlemm

A

glaucoma

51
Q

visual disorder characterized by far sightedness from eyeball that is too short

A

hyperopia

52
Q

visual disorder characterized by loss of accommodation from age

A

presbyopia

53
Q

visual disorder characterized by degeneration of macula lutea and fovea centralis

A

macular degeneration

54
Q

visual disorder characterized by asymmetry of the cornea and/or lens

A

astigmatism

55
Q

outer layer of the eyeball, gives shape to the eyeball

A

fibrous tunic

56
Q

posterior outer layer of the eyeball (white of the eye), supports and protects the eyeball

A

sclera

57
Q

anterior surface of the eyeball, transmits and refracts light

A

cornea

58
Q

middle layer of the eyeball, supplies blood and prevents reflection

A

vascular tunic (uvea)

59
Q

middle layer in posterior portion of the eyeball, supplies blood to the eye

A

choroid

60
Q

anterior portion of vascular tunic in eye ball, supports the lens through suspensory ligament and determines lens thickness; also secretes aqueous humor

A

ciliary body

61
Q

anterior portion of vascular tunic in eyeball, regulates the diameter of the pupil, and hence the amount of light entering the vitreous chamber

A

iris

62
Q

inner layer of the eye, provides location and support for rods and cones

A

neural tunic

63
Q

principal portion of internal tunic of eye, photoreception; transmits impulses

A

retina

64
Q

between posterior and vitreous chambers of eyeball, refracts light and focuses onto fovea centralis

A

lens

65
Q

t or f: pupil dilates in dim light and constricts in bright light

A

true

66
Q

bending of light rays so they focus on the retina

A

accommodation

physiology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions