test 1: ch5

Question 1

sum of all chemical reactions in the body = all reactions in the body involving energy transformations

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

reactions that break large molecules into smaller ones = release energy

Answer 2

catabolism

Question 3

reactions that build larger molecules from smaller ones = require energy input

Answer 3

anabolism

Question 4

biomolecule preferred by main body tissues as fuel

Answer 4

glucose

Question 5

true or false: the brain solely uses glucose as its energy source (may use ketone bodies during starvation)

Answer 5

true

Question 6

glucose is stored in the liver and skeletal muscle as _________

Answer 6

glycogen

Question 7

true or false: glycogen can be broken down to form glucose again

Answer 7

true

Question 8

glucose -> glycogen is called ___________; it is an anabolic process and occurs vie dehydration synthesis

Answer 8

glycogenesis

Question 9

glycogen -> glucose is called ___________; it is a catabolic process and occurs via hydrolysis

Answer 9

glycogenolysis

Question 10

when glucose is formed from non-carbohydrate precursors like amino acids, fatty acids, and pyruvic acid, it is known as…

Answer 10

gluconeogenesis

Question 11

complete catabolism is _______ = oxygen is the final electron receptor

Answer 11

aerobic

Question 12

breakdown of one 6-carbon glucose molecule to two 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules

Answer 12

glycolysis

Question 13

_________ muscle is more adapted to anaerobic metabolism than other muscle types

Answer 13

skeletal

Question 14

______ blood cells solely rely on anaerobic metabolism because they don’t want to use the oxygen they are transporting

Answer 14

red blood cells

Question 15

glycolysis occurs in the _______ of the cell

Answer 15

cytosol

Question 16

the net yield of glycolysis is:

Answer 16

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 17

when no oxygen is available during glycolysis, pyruvic acid molecules are converted to _____ ______

Answer 17

lactic acid

Question 18

lactic acid can be converted by two pyruvic acid in the liver in the _____ cycle

Answer 18

Cori cycle

Question 19

when oxygen is available during glycolysis, the pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria and is converted to acetyl-CoA and yields 2 NADH

Answer 19

intermediate step

Question 20

cycle that occurs in mitochondria, is aerobic, and yields 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2

Answer 20

Kreb’s cycle or citric acid (TCA)

Question 21

series of oxidation-reduction reactions in the cristae of the mitochondria

Answer 21

electron transport chain

Question 22

true or false: in the electron transport chain, oxygen is the final electron receptor and ATP is produced

Answer 22

true

Question 23

the actual ATP yield from complete catabolism of 1 glucose molecule:

Answer 23

30-32

Question 24

the theoretical ATP yield from complete catabolism of 1 glucose molecule:

Answer 24

36-38

Question 25

formation of triglycerides from glycerol and fatty acids; anabolic process

Answer 25

lipogenesis

Question 26

breakdown of triglycerides to form glycerol and fatty acids; catabolic process

Answer 26

lipolysis

Question 27

a process where fatty acids can be further broken down into acetyl-CoA's

Answer 27

beta-oxidation

Question 28

formed from unused acetyl-CoA's from lipid catabolism

Answer 28

ketone bodies