Test 3 Flashcards
Rx of a snake bite
Call medical direction for appropriate facility for antivenom
Treat for shock and conserve body heat
Locate fang marks
Remove anything constricting extremity
Keep extremity immobilized do not elevate
Transport monitor V/S
How does humidity affect the body to maintain heat
- Evaporation of perspiration slows, normally in a hot environment the skin may absorb more heat than it loses
- Moist heat usually tires people out before major damage through overexertion
S/S of hypothermia
- Shivering in early stages
- Numbness
- Stiff or rigid
- Inability to do the simplest activities
- Tachypnea in early stages
- Tachycardia in early stages
- Loss of CSM
- Muscular rigidity
- Decreased LOC
- Cool abdominal skin
- Skin may appear red in earlier stages
S/S of pt.s with moist, pale, normal to cool skin
- Muscular cramps
- Exhaustion, and sometimes syncope
- Rapid shallow breathing
- Weak pulse
- Heavy perspiration
- Loss of consciousness if possible
S/S of pt.s with hot skin, whether dry or moist
- Rapid, shallow breathing
- Full, rapid pulse
- Generalized weakness
- Little or no perspiration
- Loss of consciousness or ALOC
- Dilated pupils
- Potential seizures no muscle cramps
Rx frostbite
- Administer high O2
- Transport ASAP
- If delayed keep pt. warm do not allow pt. to smoke or drink (vasoconstriction)
- Follow local protocols
Rx frostnip
- Get the pt. out of cold environment
- Warm the affected area
- Splint if it is to an extremity, do not rub or massage
What causes heat cramps
Loss of electrolytes
S/S of heatstroke
- Hot, flushed skin
- May or not sweat
- Rapid pulse and variable BP
- Confusion, weakness, anxiety ALOC
S/S of heat exhaustion
- ALOC
- Weakness
- Thirst
- Cold and clammy skin
- Tachycardia
- BP- normal to low
- Profuse sweating
- Temp- normal to slight elevation
How to assess a hypothermic pt. who is alert and responding appropriately
- Remove all wet clothing from pt.
- During transport actively rewarm pt.
- Provide care for shock
- Give the alert pt. warm liquids at a slow rate
- Rewarm the pt. slowly using central rewarming
- Keep the pt. at rest
- Avoid any rough handling of the hypothermic pt.
How to assess a hypothermic pt. who is unresponsive or not responding appropriately
- Ensure an open airway
- Provide high O2 passed through warm humidifier
- Wrap the pt. in blankets
- Transport pt. immediately
Passive rewarming-
Covering a hypothermic pt. and taking steps to prevent further heat loss and help the body rewarm itself
Active rewarming
Application of an external heat source to re-warm the body of a hypothermic patient
Central rewarming
Application of heat to the lateral chest, neck, armpits, and groin of a hypothermic patient
How to resuscitate a hypothermic patient in cardiac arrest
- remove wet garments
- Protect against heat lost and wind chill
- Maintain horizontal position
- Avoid rough movement and excessive activity
- Monitor core temp
- Start CPR
How do localized cold injuries occur
When the body is exposed to intense cold, blood flow to that part is limited by the constrictions of the blood vessels
Drowning
Breath holding syncope
Diving reflex
Laryngospasm
Hypertonic and hypotonic fluid
Internal Abdominal bleeding
Absence of pain, swelling
Three stages of shock
Compensated
Decompensated
Irreversible
6 findings of a shocky pt. getting worse in order
- ALOC - anxiety, restlessness
- Thirst
- Compensatory tachycardia
- Skin sign changes
- N&V
- Hypotension( later stages)
Neurogenic shock
- Damage to spinal cord can cause significant injury to the part of the nervous system that controls size of the blood vessels
- Vasomotor paralysis causes loss of the sympathetic nervous system causing vasodilation
- Vessels below the level of the spinal injury dilate, lowering BP
Specific signs of neurogenic shock
- Absence of sweating below the level of injury
2. Hypotension w/o compensatory tachycardia
Rx for neurogenic shock
- ABCs and C-Spine
- High flow O2
- Keep warm
- Transport
- NPO
Number 25
Pupil check
First thing u should do when responding to a GSW pt?
Scene safety
Everything the EMT does is…
Reversable
Helmet must never…
Occlude access to airway
Rx for wrist fracture
CSM and splint
Fall from second story roof is significant Rx
- ABCs
- C-Spine
- High flow O2
- Transport
Rule of nines
Adult
Head, arms 9%
Torso, and legs 18%
Groin 1%
Children Head, torso 18% Arms 9% Legs 14% Groin 1%
Rule of palms
There Palm is 1% of the body
Head injury Rx
- ABCs
- C-Spine
- High flow O2
- Assisted ventilation system if needed
Brain meninges 3 layers
Subdural (dura)
- Subdural bleed is underneath the dura level
Epidural (Arachnoid)
- bleeding between the dura and temporal cranium
Intracerebral (pia mater)
- bleeding underneath all three layers
Splint rules
- Never splint through clothing
- Splint as it lies
- Check distal CSM before and after
- Splint above and below injury
- Pad all splints
What to do with amputated part
Keep cool no ice
What causes nosebleed
Hypertension
Cushings triad ( ICP)
Hypertension
Heart rate down
Respiratory rate down
Becks triad (cardiac tamonade)
Systolic hypotension
Muffled heart tones
JVD
Dry chemicals Rx
Brush then flush dry chemicals
How long u flush eyes?
Flush eyes for 20 min or more
PASG is used for what type of injury
Pelvis
Hip
Unable to control bleeding then you go to a
Tourniquet
S/S of a snake bite
Noticeable bite mark Pain and swelling around bite Tachycardia Labored breathing Progressive general weakness Vision problems N&V Seizures Drowsiness or unconscious
Rx of avulsions
- Clean the wound surface
- Fold skin back to normal position
- Control bleeding and dress the wound using bulky dressing
S/S of a tension pneumothorax
Hypotension Anxiety Cyanotic Progressive dyspnea Unilateral breath sounds Neck vein distention Trachea deviation
Rx for open chest wound
Airway
Occlusive dressing
O2
Treat shock
S/S of spinal injury
- Problems walking
- Loss of control of the bladder or bowels
- Inability to move the arms or legs
- Feeling numbness or tingling in extremities
- Unconsciousness
- Sign of neurogenic shock
What kind of injuries are associated with a pelvic fracture
Hypovolemic and hemorrhagic shock
Internal arterial bleeding
What kind of chest injury can be fatal
Cardiac tamonade
Tension pneumothorax
S/S of head injury
Enequal eyes Paraplegic Hemiplegic Contusions Lacerations CVA
GCS
EMS
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