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EMT studyer > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Rx of a snake bite

A

Call medical direction for appropriate facility for antivenom
Treat for shock and conserve body heat
Locate fang marks
Remove anything constricting extremity
Keep extremity immobilized do not elevate
Transport monitor V/S

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2
Q

How does humidity affect the body to maintain heat

A
  1. Evaporation of perspiration slows, normally in a hot environment the skin may absorb more heat than it loses
  2. Moist heat usually tires people out before major damage through overexertion
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3
Q

S/S of hypothermia

A
  1. Shivering in early stages
  2. Numbness
  3. Stiff or rigid
  4. Inability to do the simplest activities
  5. Tachypnea in early stages
  6. Tachycardia in early stages
  7. Loss of CSM
  8. Muscular rigidity
  9. Decreased LOC
  10. Cool abdominal skin
  11. Skin may appear red in earlier stages
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4
Q

S/S of pt.s with moist, pale, normal to cool skin

A
  1. Muscular cramps
  2. Exhaustion, and sometimes syncope
  3. Rapid shallow breathing
  4. Weak pulse
  5. Heavy perspiration
  6. Loss of consciousness if possible
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5
Q

S/S of pt.s with hot skin, whether dry or moist

A
  1. Rapid, shallow breathing
  2. Full, rapid pulse
  3. Generalized weakness
  4. Little or no perspiration
  5. Loss of consciousness or ALOC
  6. Dilated pupils
  7. Potential seizures no muscle cramps
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6
Q

Rx frostbite

A
  1. Administer high O2
  2. Transport ASAP
  3. If delayed keep pt. warm do not allow pt. to smoke or drink (vasoconstriction)
  4. Follow local protocols
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7
Q

Rx frostnip

A
  1. Get the pt. out of cold environment
  2. Warm the affected area
  3. Splint if it is to an extremity, do not rub or massage
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8
Q

What causes heat cramps

A

Loss of electrolytes

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9
Q

S/S of heatstroke

A
  1. Hot, flushed skin
  2. May or not sweat
  3. Rapid pulse and variable BP
  4. Confusion, weakness, anxiety ALOC
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10
Q

S/S of heat exhaustion

A
  1. ALOC
  2. Weakness
  3. Thirst
  4. Cold and clammy skin
  5. Tachycardia
  6. BP- normal to low
  7. Profuse sweating
  8. Temp- normal to slight elevation
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11
Q

How to assess a hypothermic pt. who is alert and responding appropriately

A
  1. Remove all wet clothing from pt.
  2. During transport actively rewarm pt.
  3. Provide care for shock
  4. Give the alert pt. warm liquids at a slow rate
  5. Rewarm the pt. slowly using central rewarming
  6. Keep the pt. at rest
  7. Avoid any rough handling of the hypothermic pt.
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12
Q

How to assess a hypothermic pt. who is unresponsive or not responding appropriately

A
  1. Ensure an open airway
  2. Provide high O2 passed through warm humidifier
  3. Wrap the pt. in blankets
  4. Transport pt. immediately
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13
Q

Passive rewarming-

A

Covering a hypothermic pt. and taking steps to prevent further heat loss and help the body rewarm itself

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14
Q

Active rewarming

A

Application of an external heat source to re-warm the body of a hypothermic patient

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15
Q

Central rewarming

A

Application of heat to the lateral chest, neck, armpits, and groin of a hypothermic patient

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16
Q

How to resuscitate a hypothermic patient in cardiac arrest

A
  1. remove wet garments
  2. Protect against heat lost and wind chill
  3. Maintain horizontal position
  4. Avoid rough movement and excessive activity
  5. Monitor core temp
  6. Start CPR
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17
Q

How do localized cold injuries occur

A

When the body is exposed to intense cold, blood flow to that part is limited by the constrictions of the blood vessels

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18
Q

Drowning

A

Breath holding syncope
Diving reflex
Laryngospasm
Hypertonic and hypotonic fluid

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19
Q

Internal Abdominal bleeding

A

Absence of pain, swelling

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20
Q

Three stages of shock

A

Compensated
Decompensated
Irreversible

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21
Q

6 findings of a shocky pt. getting worse in order

A
  1. ALOC - anxiety, restlessness
  2. Thirst
  3. Compensatory tachycardia
  4. Skin sign changes
  5. N&V
  6. Hypotension( later stages)
22
Q

Neurogenic shock

A
  1. Damage to spinal cord can cause significant injury to the part of the nervous system that controls size of the blood vessels
  2. Vasomotor paralysis causes loss of the sympathetic nervous system causing vasodilation
  3. Vessels below the level of the spinal injury dilate, lowering BP
23
Q

Specific signs of neurogenic shock

A
  1. Absence of sweating below the level of injury

2. Hypotension w/o compensatory tachycardia

24
Q

Rx for neurogenic shock

A
  1. ABCs and C-Spine
  2. High flow O2
  3. Keep warm
  4. Transport
  5. NPO
25
Q

Number 25

A

Pupil check

26
Q

First thing u should do when responding to a GSW pt?

A

Scene safety

27
Q

Everything the EMT does is…

A

Reversable

28
Q

Helmet must never…

A

Occlude access to airway

29
Q

Rx for wrist fracture

A

CSM and splint

30
Q

Fall from second story roof is significant Rx

A
  1. ABCs
  2. C-Spine
  3. High flow O2
  4. Transport
31
Q

Rule of nines

A

Adult
Head, arms 9%
Torso, and legs 18%
Groin 1%

Children
Head, torso 18%
Arms 9%
Legs 14%
Groin 1%
32
Q

Rule of palms

A

There Palm is 1% of the body

33
Q

Head injury Rx

A
  1. ABCs
  2. C-Spine
  3. High flow O2
  4. Assisted ventilation system if needed
34
Q

Brain meninges 3 layers

A

Subdural (dura)
- Subdural bleed is underneath the dura level
Epidural (Arachnoid)
- bleeding between the dura and temporal cranium
Intracerebral (pia mater)
- bleeding underneath all three layers

35
Q

Splint rules

A
  1. Never splint through clothing
  2. Splint as it lies
  3. Check distal CSM before and after
  4. Splint above and below injury
  5. Pad all splints
36
Q

What to do with amputated part

A

Keep cool no ice

37
Q

What causes nosebleed

A

Hypertension

38
Q

Cushings triad ( ICP)

A

Hypertension
Heart rate down
Respiratory rate down

39
Q

Becks triad (cardiac tamonade)

A

Systolic hypotension
Muffled heart tones
JVD

40
Q

Dry chemicals Rx

A

Brush then flush dry chemicals

41
Q

How long u flush eyes?

A

Flush eyes for 20 min or more

42
Q

PASG is used for what type of injury

A

Pelvis

Hip

43
Q

Unable to control bleeding then you go to a

A

Tourniquet

44
Q

S/S of a snake bite

A 
Noticeable bite mark
Pain and swelling around bite
Tachycardia 
Labored breathing
Progressive general weakness
Vision problems
N&V
Seizures
Drowsiness or unconscious
45
Q

Rx of avulsions

A
  1. Clean the wound surface
  2. Fold skin back to normal position
  3. Control bleeding and dress the wound using bulky dressing
46
Q

S/S of a tension pneumothorax

A 
Hypotension 
Anxiety
Cyanotic 
Progressive dyspnea
Unilateral breath sounds
Neck vein distention
Trachea deviation
47
Q

Rx for open chest wound

A

Airway
Occlusive dressing
O2
Treat shock

48
Q

S/S of spinal injury

A
  1. Problems walking
  2. Loss of control of the bladder or bowels
  3. Inability to move the arms or legs
  4. Feeling numbness or tingling in extremities
  5. Unconsciousness
  6. Sign of neurogenic shock
49
Q

What kind of injuries are associated with a pelvic fracture

A

Hypovolemic and hemorrhagic shock

Internal arterial bleeding

50
Q

What kind of chest injury can be fatal

A

Cardiac tamonade

Tension pneumothorax

51
Q

S/S of head injury

A 
Enequal eyes 
 Paraplegic 
Hemiplegic 
Contusions
Lacerations
CVA
52
Q

GCS

A

EMS

465

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