Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards by Joshua Beasley

Diffusion

Getting oxygen into blood

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Ventilation

Getting oxygen to the lungs

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Perfusion

Getting oxygen into tissue

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Ventilation problems

Upper/lower airway obstruction
Chest walls impairment
Neurogenic dysfunction

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Chest walls impairment most commonly found in ….

Trauma pt.’s

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Causes of Neurogenic dysfunction

Drugs (depressants, mainly those that depress the respiratory SyS)

CVA

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Diffusion problems

Inadequate O2 in ambient air(hypoxia)

Alveolar pathology

Interstitial space pathology(fluid into lung)

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Inadequate O2 in ambient air causes

Fire smoke

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Carbon dioxide poisoning and etc.

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Alveolar pathology

Lung disease

Inhalation or inspiration Injury

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Perfusion problems

Inadequate blood volumes or Hgb levels

Impaired circulating blood flow

Capillary blood pathology

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Some causes of inadequate blood volumes or Hgb levels

Shock

Anemia

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What are some causes of impaired circulating blood flow

Pulmonary Embolism( plugged pulmonary artery)

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What kind of pt. is relevant to capillary blood pathology

Trauma pt.

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What is another word for inhalation

Inspiration

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What is another word for exhalation

Expiration

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Inspiration means

An active process that uses the contraction of several muscles to increase the size of the chest cavity

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S/S of SOB

ALOC
Tachycardia 
Bradycardia 
Change's in RR
Changes in respiratory Rhythm
Changes in skin signs
NBIOB
Inability to speak in complete sentences
Accessory muscle use
Retractions
Coughing
Flared nostrils(children)
Pursed lips(adults)
What position are they in?

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S/S of SOB for children is

Flared nostrils

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S/S of SOB in adults is

Pursed lips

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What is the first sign of ALOC

Nervousness and Irritability

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Pt. assessment review

ABC’s
OPQRST
check for:JVD, accessory muscle use, lung sounds, abdominal discomfort/distention, pedal edema

Lung sounds

Wheezes, crackles(rales), Rhonchi(lung butter), stridor

Lung sound: Wheezes

High pitched sounds when air moves through narrowed passages

Lung sound: Crackles (rales)

Fine crackling or bubbling caused by fluid in alveoli

Lung sound: Rhonchi (lung butter)

Caused by secretions in the lower airway

Lung sound: stridor

High pitched sound in upper airway often partial obstruction

Expiration means

A passive process that involves the relaxation of the rib muscles and diaphragm

what is an adequate rate for artificial ventilation for adults

12 breathes per minute

what is an adequate rate for artificial ventilation for infants and children

20 breathes per minute

What do we use in the patient for gathering history when the C/C is pain

OPQRST

What is CPAP?

Special mask that blows low pressured O2 into lungs

What does CPAP do?

1. Prevents alveoli from collapsing at the end of exhalation | 2. Pushes fluid back into capillaries

What conditions would you use CPAP?

1. Fluid in lungs(drowning, pulmonary edema) | 2. Obstructive diseases (asthma, COPD)

When do you not use CPAP?

1. ALOC(the need to protect ones own airway) 2. Lack of respiratory drive 3. Inability to sit up 4. Hypotension (systolic >90) 5. Inability to maintain tight seal w/mask 6. Vomiting 7. Penetrating chest trauma 8. Shock 9. GI bleeding

What is a pulmonary edema?

It is where fluid forms in the lungs (alveoli)

What is a pulmonary embolism?

It's a condition where the pulmonary artery gets blocked by a blood clot.

What causes pulmonary edema?

1. Heart problems( like CHF) or left heart failure 2. Near drowning 3. Smoke inhalation 4. Toxic chemical inhalation 5. Traumatic chest injuries 6. Altitude ilnesses

What does lumen mean?

It is the diameter of the blood vessel

Edema?

The increase of interstitial fluid in an organ

In a pulmonary edema water can form in the ....

Interstitial space in the lungs or the alveolar sacs

How can a puomary edema get into place?

Because the lung is absorbing the effects of the heart failure

The most common reason for pulmonary edema is

The inefficiency of the left heart so that it can't pump blood to the rest of the body as efficiently as it once disarms so the fluid and the pressure backs up and squishes water into the alveolar sacs

Asthma pathophysiogy is mainly the

Lumen in the bronchioles decreasing in diameter creating an asthma attack

Emphysema pathophysiology is mainly

The alveolar sac elastic cells | Being damaged and not being able to get bigger and smaller according to exhalation and inhalation

Bronchitis pathophysiology is mainly

An over production of mucus being produced trying to get rid of the irritating particles causing a tissue change in the bronchioles by producing more glands in the bronchioles space

What are the three S's for asthma

1. Excessive mucus production 2. Spasm of bronchiolar muscles 3. Secretions

What 3 drugs can EMT administer?

1. Oxygen 2. Oral glucose 3. Aspirin( not in California)

What are the3 drugs EMT's can help assist with?

1. Bronchodilators 2. Epinephrine 3. Nitroglycerin

What is venostasis?

Trapping of blood due to compression of veins

What is CF

Is where the chloride and sodium combination don't match up and they mess up the respiratory and digestive tract and CLOGS THE GLANDS FROM SECRETING

How does CF damage the respiratory tract

Because mucus has a connection with chloride and by having the mixtures wrong they can develop thicker mucus

How can CF damage the digestive tract

Clogs up the pancreas and liver so that they can't secrete or secrete thick mucus to where that organ can't do its job