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EMT studyer > Respiratory Emergencies > Flashcards

Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

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0
Q

Diffusion

A

Getting oxygen into blood

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1
Q

Ventilation

A

Getting oxygen to the lungs

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2
Q

Perfusion

A

Getting oxygen into tissue

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3
Q

Ventilation problems

A

Upper/lower airway obstruction
Chest walls impairment
Neurogenic dysfunction

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4
Q

Chest walls impairment most commonly found in ….

A

Trauma pt.’s

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5
Q

Causes of Neurogenic dysfunction

A

Drugs (depressants, mainly those that depress the respiratory SyS)

CVA

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6
Q

Diffusion problems

A

Inadequate O2 in ambient air(hypoxia)

Alveolar pathology

Interstitial space pathology(fluid into lung)

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7
Q

Inadequate O2 in ambient air causes

A

Fire smoke

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Carbon dioxide poisoning and etc.

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8
Q

Alveolar pathology

A

Lung disease

Inhalation or inspiration Injury

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9
Q

Perfusion problems

A

Inadequate blood volumes or Hgb levels

Impaired circulating blood flow

Capillary blood pathology

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10
Q

Some causes of inadequate blood volumes or Hgb levels

A

Shock

Anemia

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11
Q

What are some causes of impaired circulating blood flow

A

Pulmonary Embolism( plugged pulmonary artery)

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12
Q

What kind of pt. is relevant to capillary blood pathology

A

Trauma pt.

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17
Q

What is another word for inhalation

A

Inspiration

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18
Q

What is another word for exhalation

A

Expiration

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19
Q

Inspiration means

A

An active process that uses the contraction of several muscles to increase the size of the chest cavity

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20
Q

S/S of SOB

A 
ALOC
Tachycardia 
Bradycardia 
Change's in RR
Changes in respiratory Rhythm
Changes in skin signs
NBIOB
Inability to speak in complete sentences
Accessory muscle use
Retractions
Coughing
Flared nostrils(children)
Pursed lips(adults)
What position are they in?
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21
Q

S/S of SOB for children is

A

Flared nostrils

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22
Q

S/S of SOB in adults is

A

Pursed lips

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23
Q

What is the first sign of ALOC

A

Nervousness and Irritability

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24
Q

Pt. assessment review

A

ABC’s
OPQRST
check for:JVD, accessory muscle use, lung sounds, abdominal discomfort/distention, pedal edema

25
Q

Lung sounds

A

Wheezes, crackles(rales), Rhonchi(lung butter), stridor

26
Q

Lung sound: Wheezes

A

High pitched sounds when air moves through narrowed passages

27
Q

Lung sound: Crackles (rales)

A

Fine crackling or bubbling caused by fluid in alveoli

28
Q

Lung sound: Rhonchi (lung butter)

A

Caused by secretions in the lower airway

29
Q

Lung sound: stridor

A

High pitched sound in upper airway often partial obstruction

30
Q

Expiration means

A

A passive process that involves the relaxation of the rib muscles and diaphragm

31
Q

what is an adequate rate for artificial ventilation for adults

A

12 breathes per minute

32
Q

what is an adequate rate for artificial ventilation for infants and children

A

20 breathes per minute

33
Q

What do we use in the patient for gathering history when the C/C is pain

A

OPQRST

34
Q

What is CPAP?

A

Special mask that blows low pressured O2 into lungs

35
Q

What does CPAP do?

A
  1. Prevents alveoli from collapsing at the end of exhalation

2. Pushes fluid back into capillaries

36
Q

What conditions would you use CPAP?

A
  1. Fluid in lungs(drowning, pulmonary edema)

2. Obstructive diseases (asthma, COPD)

37
Q

When do you not use CPAP?

A
  1. ALOC(the need to protect ones own airway)
  2. Lack of respiratory drive
  3. Inability to sit up
  4. Hypotension (systolic >90)
  5. Inability to maintain tight seal w/mask
  6. Vomiting
  7. Penetrating chest trauma
  8. Shock
  9. GI bleeding
38
Q

What is a pulmonary edema?

A

It is where fluid forms in the lungs (alveoli)

39
Q

What is a pulmonary embolism?

A

It’s a condition where the pulmonary artery gets blocked by a blood clot.

40
Q

What causes pulmonary edema?

A
  1. Heart problems( like CHF) or left heart failure
  2. Near drowning
  3. Smoke inhalation
  4. Toxic chemical inhalation
  5. Traumatic chest injuries
  6. Altitude ilnesses
41
Q

What does lumen mean?

A

It is the diameter of the blood vessel

42
Q

Edema?

A

The increase of interstitial fluid in an organ

43
Q

In a pulmonary edema water can form in the ….

A

Interstitial space in the lungs or the alveolar sacs

44
Q

How can a puomary edema get into place?

A

Because the lung is absorbing the effects of the heart failure

45
Q

The most common reason for pulmonary edema is

A

The inefficiency of the left heart so that it can’t pump blood to the rest of the body as efficiently as it once disarms so the fluid and the pressure backs up and squishes water into the alveolar sacs

46
Q

Asthma pathophysiogy is mainly the

A

Lumen in the bronchioles decreasing in diameter creating an asthma attack

47
Q

Emphysema pathophysiology is mainly

A

The alveolar sac elastic cells

Being damaged and not being able to get bigger and smaller according to exhalation and inhalation

48
Q

Bronchitis pathophysiology is mainly

A

An over production of mucus being produced trying to get rid of the irritating particles causing a tissue change in the bronchioles by producing more glands in the bronchioles space

49
Q

What are the three S’s for asthma

A
  1. Excessive mucus production
  2. Spasm of bronchiolar muscles
  3. Secretions
50
Q

What 3 drugs can EMT administer?

A
  1. Oxygen
  2. Oral glucose
  3. Aspirin( not in California)
51
Q

What are the3 drugs EMT’s can help assist with?

A
  1. Bronchodilators
  2. Epinephrine
  3. Nitroglycerin
52
Q

What is venostasis?

A

Trapping of blood due to compression of veins

53
Q

What is CF

A

Is where the chloride and sodium combination don’t match up and they mess up the respiratory and digestive tract and CLOGS THE GLANDS FROM SECRETING

54
Q

How does CF damage the respiratory tract

A

Because mucus has a connection with chloride and by having the mixtures wrong they can develop thicker mucus

55
Q

How can CF damage the digestive tract

A

Clogs up the pancreas and liver so that they can’t secrete or secrete thick mucus to where that organ can’t do its job

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