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Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Common causes for a cardiac arrest in a pediatric pt.?

A

Respiratory problems like foreign body obstruction

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2
Q

How much millimeters of O2 can a BVM hold?

A

1000-1600 mL when tank at least has 500 psi

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3
Q

Nitroglycerin actions?

A

Vasodilator and decreases cardiac workload

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4
Q

Nitroglycerin contras?

A

Hypotension, head injury, max dose, ED drug, pt. is a child or infant

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5
Q

Bronchodilator do?

A

They relax the smooth muscles in the lower airway causing bronchodilation.

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6
Q

Bronchodilator generic names?

A

Albuterol, and Metaproterenol

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7
Q

Bronchodilator trade names?

A

Proventil, Ventolin, Alupent

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8
Q

Bronchodilator side effects?

A

Tachycardia and agitation

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9
Q

Epinephrine actions?

A

Bronchodilator, vasoconstriction, capillaries become less permeable

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10
Q

Epinephrine side effects?

A

Tachycardia, dizziness, chest pain, headache, NV, anxiety

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11
Q

Nitroglycerin methods of delivery?

A

Spray, sublingual, and a patch

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12
Q

Angina can be a result of?

A

Can result from a vasospasm, but usually a result of CAD

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13
Q

S/S of an AMI

A 
Chest pain (pressure, squeezing, dull)
Sudden onset of sweating
N and V
Pain may radiate to lower jaw, arms, neck
Lightheaded
SOB
Dyspnea
Anxiety
Abnormal pulses
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14
Q

Difference between AMI and angina?

A

Angina comes on exertion and leaves w/ rest and an AMI comes on randomly and leaves w/ death

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15
Q

Aspirin indications?

A 
Chest pains
Not allergic
No Hx of asthma
Is not already taking medicines to prevent clotting
Is able to swallow
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16
Q

Aspirin contras?

A

Unable to swallow w/o endangering airway, Hx of asthma, has GI ulcer or recent bleeding, pt. has known bleeding disorder, pregnant, recent surgery

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17
Q

Aspirin side effects?

A

N and V, heartburn, if allergic causes bronchospasm and wheezing, bleeding

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18
Q

S/S of CHF

A 
Tachycardia 
SOB
Diaphoresis
Orthopnea 
JVD
Anxiety
Rhales from pulmonary edema
Pink frothy Sputnik from pulmonary edema
Pedal edema
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19
Q

Causes of pulmonary embolism?

A
  1. Venous stasis: trapping of blood due to compressions of veins
  2. Venous injury: sometimes from surgery
  3. Increased blood coagulability(dries, and hardens)
  4. Pregnancy
  5. Multiple trauma
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20
Q

S/S of pulmonary embolism?

A 
SOB
Acute pleuritic chest pain
Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
Cyanosis
Tachycardia
Hypoxia
Sudden death
21
Q

Know what your artery of sudden death is?

A

LAD coronary artery due to AMI or Aorta due to blood loss, if both present choose aorta

22
Q

S/S of hypoglycemia:

A 
Pale, clammy skin
Diaphoresis
Dizziness, headache
Rapid pounding pulse
Aggressive, confused, lethargic, or unusual behavior
Hunger
Fainting, seizure, or coma
23
Q

Hypoglycemia causes:

A

Too much insulin
Not eating
Vomiting food intake
Overexertion

24
Q

Emergencies before delivery?

A

Maternal hypotension

Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia

25
Q

S/S of maternal hypotension

A

Shock
Low BP
Pedal edema

26
Q

Treatment of a maternal hypotension pt.?

A

Avoid supine position
Position in lateral or semi-fowlers position
Tilt board if c-spine necessary

27
Q

S/S of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia:

A 
Pregnancy induced hypertension 
Maternal weight gain
Hands and feet swelling
Proteinuria 
Headaches, seeing spots, anxiety
N&V
28
Q

Rx for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia

A

ABCs
Lateral position (left)
Transport
Assist with and monitor IV

29
Q

Load and go or stay and deliver?

A 
Due date?
In labor already?
Which labor stage? (Stage 2=stay and deliver)
Determine past pregnancy history.
Check for crowning?
Keep track of contractions.
Is tranportation available?
30
Q

Delivery steps?

A
  1. BSI
  2. Call for Additional EMS
  3. Open OB kit
  4. Time contractions
  5. Reassure mother
  6. Position mother (knee-chest)
  7. Never reach into vagina unless breech or prolapsed cord
  8. Keep gentle control of baby’s head
  9. Check for nuchal cord
  10. Suction mouth & nose
  11. Assist delivery of shoulders- down then up
  12. Dry and warm the baby
  13. APGAR (at 1 and 5 min), time of delivery
  14. Cut the cord
31
Q

Complicated deliveries?

A 
Nuchal cord
Amniotic sac not ruptured
Meconium (baby has a bowel movement)
Breech presentation
Prolapsed cord
Multiple
Premature infants
32
Q

After birth Rx for excessive bleeding >250-500 cc?

A

Save pads
Treat for shock
O2 via NRB
Massage Fundus

33
Q

Rx for resuscitating a baby?

A 
Stimulate breathing by rubbing
Blow-by air over the baby 
Start with ventilation 40-60/min
Recheck pulse after ventilating 30 sec
If pulse is
34
Q

Qs for seizure pt.?

A

What did it look like?
Where/how did it start?
Was it a fall then seize or a seize then fall?
Has the pt. been medication compliant?

35
Q

Stroke terminology?

A

Hemiparesis: weakness on half of the body
Hemiplegia: paralysis on half of the body
Dysarthria: inability to speak clearly
Aphasia: inability to speak or understand (expressive or receptive)
Diplopia: double vision
Convulsions: muscle contractions

36
Q

S/S of a Ischemic Stroke

A 
Hemi-paresis/plegia
Numbness on one side of the body
Aphasia
Confusion
Diplopia 
Convulsions
Headache and dizziness
37
Q

S/S of a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

None, usually asymptomatic until attack

38
Q

Hypotension pt. order of Rx?

A

Position(supine)
High flow O2
Prevent heat loss
Transport

39
Q

S/S of heat stroke:

A

Initial: hot, flushed skin; may or may not sweat; rapid pulse; confusion, weakness, anxiety

Later: CNS-agitation, seizures, coma; vasodilation; digestive system failure

40
Q

How should the amniotic sac look like?

A
  1. Clear

2. If dark or murky fluid indicates Meconium staining, which indicates fetus or neonate in destress.

41
Q

PAT components: ped triangle?

A
  1. Appearance (mental/AVPU, body position, muscle tone
  2. Breathing (visible movement, effort, audible sounds)
  3. Circulation (skin color, temp, cap refill)
    Two assessments: first- general impression “from the door”
    Second- hands on confirms initial impression
42
Q

S/S of dehydration in Peds?

A 
Dry mucous membrane
Inability to produce tears
Sunken fontanelles 
Sleepy/irritable
Fewer wet diapers 
Dry lips/gums
43
Q

Rx for febrile seizures?

A 
Cooling measures
Transport
Get history
Begin BVM if not improved
No alcohol or cold water to cool
44
Q

S/S of head injury?

A 
Deformity of the skull
Unequal pupils
Battle signs
Ecchymosis 
Raccoon eyes
Cushing's triad
Projectile vomiting 
Loss of CSM
Seizures
45
Q

Rx of head injuries?

A 
C-spine
ABCs
C-collar
Administer high O2
Talk to pt. provide emotional support
Manage secondary injuries and wounds
Be prepared for vomiting
Transport and monitor V/S
46
Q

Initial response steps?

A

Triage
Rx
Communications
Transport

47
Q

Best location to park ambulance on freeway?

A

In the downstream shadow w/ loading doors pointed towards the accident

48
Q

Subcutaneous emphysema found w/…..

A

Primarily found w/ fractured larynx but may also be in a pneumothorax

EMT studyer (17 decks)

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