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CP-1 > Test 2 Prep > Flashcards

Test 2 Prep Flashcards

1
Q

What is Atropine/what is its moa?

A

muscarinic receptor antagonist –> blocks too much parasympathetic effect
used to treat bradycardia and some AV blocks

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2
Q

What parasympathetic receptors are located in the heart?

A

M2 mainly - reduces atrial rate and slows AV conduction

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3
Q

What is propranolol?

A

B adrenergic antagonist –> will inhibit sympathetic stimulation in heart and slow hr

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4
Q

What K channels are responsible for stage 4 of the action potential?

A

Kc and Kb

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5
Q

How long should a QRS complex be?

A

0.05 - 0.10 sec

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6
Q

How long should a Q wave be?

A

no more than 0.03 (less than 1 box)

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7
Q

What ANS receptor is responsible for dilating pupils?

A

alpha 1 adrenergic

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8
Q

What ANS receptor is responsible for ciliary muscle contraction for farsight?

A

beta 1 adrenergic

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9
Q

What type of receptor is on a chromaffin cell? What happens when it is stimulated?

A

nicotinic ACh receptor

Ach binds –> epi, NE, and DA –> to adrenergic receptors throughout body

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10
Q

What ANS receptor causes bronchodilation?

A

beta2 adrenergic receptor

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11
Q

In the lungs, what ANS receptors are responsible for secretion?

A 
alpha = decreased secretion
beta = increased secretion
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12
Q

What ANS receptor is responsible for decreasing insulin release?

A

alpha 2 adrenergic

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13
Q

What ANS receptor is responsible for relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle?

A

alpha 1 adrenergic

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14
Q

What cranial nerve is the carotid sinus n?

A

CN 9

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15
Q

What cranial nerve is the aortic nerve?

A

CNX (vagus N)

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16
Q

What is an afferent path?

A

from body, back to CNS

Afferent goes bAck

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17
Q

What is an efferent path?

A

from cns –> to body/pns

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18
Q

What is angiotensin II’s effect on the body?

A

increased aldosterone
increased ADH
global vasoconstriction

19
Q

What converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?

A

renin

20
Q

What is the order of products to turn G3P into a TAG?

A

G3P –> lysophosphatidic acid –> phosphatidic acid –> DAG –> TAG

21
Q

What enzyme is the target of statins?

A

HMG CoA reductase

22
Q

What would happen to the pressure-volume loop with increased preload?

A

increases on the right side only

23
Q

What would happen to the pressure-volume loop with increased afterload?

A

becomes taller

24
Q

What would happen to the pressure-volume loop with increased contractility?

A

becomes taller and wider to the left

25
Q

Which cardiac enzyme is the best marker of a new MI?

A

CK-MB

26
Q

What causes renin secretion?

A

B1 adrenergic stimulation on juxtaglomerular cells

27
Q

What receptors respond to hyperosmolarity of the blood?

A

V1 and V2 –> vasopressin/ADH

28
Q

what ANS receptor is responsible for increased K+ uptake into cells?

A

Beta 2

29
Q

How does digoxin interact w/ ANS receptors?

A

indirectly stimulates M2 receptors in the heart

30
Q

What is an undulating baseline on EKG a key sign of?

A

Atrial fibrillation

31
Q

What is aspirin used for in relation to heart disease?

A

aspirin is a COX inhibitor –> prevents formation of thromboxane A2 –> prevents further occlusion of arteries

32
Q

How would aortic stenosis affect the pressure-volume loop?

A

would increase afterload –> increase the height

end up decreasing contractility

33
Q

What does BNP do?

A

arteriolar dilation
increases fluid loss
inhibits renin

34
Q

What happens to the volume-pressure curves after hemorrhage?

A

increase preload

increase contractility

35
Q

What type of drug should you prescribe for heart failure and asthma?

A

beta 1 and beta 2 agonist

36
Q

At what grade of murmur can you start hearing a thrill?

A

grade 4

37
Q

what do the jugular veins reflect?

A

the activity of the right side of the heart (central venous pressure (CVP) and RA pressure)
internal jugular is better est than external

38
Q

How do you measure JVP?

A

place pt in supin pos –> raise to 30-45 degrees

normal JVP is 0-9

39
Q

What are the most common causes of an elevated JVP?

A

elevated right ventricle diastolic pressure
SVC obstruction
severe heart failure

40
Q

Which JVP wave doesn’t have any clinical significance?

A

C = due to ventricular contraction

41
Q

What is the downward slope after the V wave in JVP due to?

A

tricuspid valve opening

42
Q

What are the main causes of hepato jugular reflex?

A

poorly compliant RV or RV failure
constrictive pericarditis
obstructive RV filling by TS or RA tumor

43
Q

How is hormone sensitive lipase activated?

A

phosphorylated through PKA

CP-1 (32 decks)

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