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CP-1 > Cardiology GA > Flashcards

Cardiology GA Flashcards

1
Q

How is an artificial cardiac pacemaker placed?

A

inserted thru a large V to superior vena cava –> R atrium –> into endocardium of trabecula carnae of R ventricle

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2
Q

What are the 4 borders of the heart?

A

right (right atrium)
inferior (right ventricle)
left (left ventricle)
superior (right and left atria and the exit point for the aorta and pulmonary trunk)

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3
Q

Where is the oblique pericardial sinus?

A

wide recess posterior to base of heart

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4
Q

What is angina pectoris?

A

pain that originates in the heart and produces strangling pain of the chest
usually result of narrow or obstructed coronary arteries

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5
Q

What important structure runs through the right atrioventricular groove?

A

right coronary A

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6
Q

Where is the sinoatrial node? What is it?

A

where superior vena cava meets R atrium
cardiac muscle fibers that initiate and regulate impulses that go thru atrial walls –> diastole
“pace maker”

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7
Q

What are the internal features of the left atrium?

A 
left auricle (pectinate M.)
openings for 4 pulmonary Vs
interatrial septum
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8
Q

What is cardiac referred pain?

A

ischemia –> visceral pain sensory fibers in heart of ANS –> share spinal ganglion w/ somatic sensory fibers in upper limb and chest wall

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9
Q

What are the 3 cusps of the tricuspid valve?

A

anterior
posterior
septal

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10
Q

What is the aortic vestibule?

A

smooth muscle in the left ventricle that leads to the aorta

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11
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

heart compression

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12
Q

What is the septomarginal trabeculum and where is it?

A

part of trabeculae carnae in R ventricle that runs from IV septum to base of anterior papillary M
transmits R bundle branch or AV bundle to anterior papillary M

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13
Q

What are the divisions of the inferior mediastinum?

A

anterior = anterior to heart
middle mediastinum = heart
poster mediastinum = posterior to heart

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14
Q

What is ventricular fibrullation?

How is it treated?

A

rapid irregular twitching of the ventricles –> heart can’t pump blood
give electric shock to defibrillate and hope that it will begin beating regularly

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15
Q

Where is the opening for the coronary sinus?

A

in the right atrium

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16
Q

What divides the superior and inferior mediastinum?

A

sternal angle

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17
Q

What is pericarditis?

A

inflammation of pericardium –> can produce friction which can be heart by a stethoscope
if untreated, can calcify

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18
Q

What are the layers of the heart from superficial to deep?

A

fibrous pericardium –> parietal serous pericardium –> visceral serous pericardium (epicardium) –> myocardium –> endocardium

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19
Q

What is pericardiocentesis?

A

drainage of blood, fluid, or pus from pericardial sac

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20
Q

What is the diaphragmatic surface?

A

right and left ventricles

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21
Q

What are the cusps of the pulmonary valve?

A

right, left, and anterior cusps

22
Q

What is a myocardial infarction?

A

lack of blood flow to a specific area of the myocardium - usually bc of a blockage in a coronary A

23
Q

What import structure housed in the left atrioventricular groove?

A

coronary sinus

24
Q

What is coronary atherosclerosis?

A

buildup of lipids on the internal walls of the coronary arteries

25
Q

What is the sternocostal surface?

A

right ventricle

26
Q

What is the pulmonary surface?

A

right atrium and left ventricle

occupying cardiac impression on both lungs

27
Q

What is the sulcus terminalis?

A

external vertical groove corresponding to internal crista terminalis (on right atrium)

28
Q

What does the tricuspid valve separate?

A

right atrium and right ventricle

29
Q

What nerve loops around the ligamentum arteriosum?

What does this mean clinically?

A

left recurrent laryngeal N of the vagus N –> loops around aortic arch and then goes up to the larynx
if you have an aneurysm that pushes on this nerve –> won’t be able to talk!

30
Q

What is the crista terminalis?

A

internal ridge separating smooth and rough regions of right atrium

31
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of the heart?

A

sternocostal
diaphragmatic
pulmonary

32
Q

What are the functions of the fibrous skeleton?

A

attachment points for myocardium and cuspid valves
supports and strengthens atrioventricular and semilunar orifices
provides and electrically insulated barrier btw atria and ventricles

33
Q

What is pectinate muscle?

A

rough muscle of the heart

34
Q

What does the right side of the heart receive blood from?

A

superior and inferior vena cava

35
Q

Where is the AV node?

A

bundle of muscle fibers in the interatrial septum near the opening for the coronary sinus

36
Q

What is the sinus venarum?

A

posterior, smooth part of right atrium where venae cavae and coronary sinus empty

37
Q

What is atrial fibrillation?

A

irregular twitching of the atrial cardiac muscle fibers –> ventricles respond at irregular intervals

38
Q

Through what structure does oxygenated blood from the lungs go through to get to the left side of the heart?

A

pulmonary veins

39
Q

How is cardiac catheterization performed and what does it allow you to visualize?

A

insert cath into femoral v –> up to inferior vena cava

visualize R atrium and R ventricle, pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries

40
Q

What does the Atrioventricular bundle do?

A

distributes the impulse from the AV node into a R and L AV bundles –> distributes as subendocardial branches

41
Q

What does the bicuspid valve separate?

A

left atrium and ventricle

42
Q

Where is the transverse pericardial sinus?

A

separates Veins from arteries, can put fingers there behind aorta and pulmonary A

43
Q

What is pericardial effusion?

A

inflammation of pericardium –> fluid or pus can accumulate in pericardial sac –> can compress heart

44
Q

Where are the R and L coronary arteries found?

A

in the aortic sinuses

45
Q

What is the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

remnant of the ductus arteriosus, communication btw pulmonary trunk and arch of the aorta

46
Q

What are the cusps of the mitral valve?

A

anterior and posterior

47
Q

What is the right auricle?

A

small pouch w/in pectinate muscle in right atrium

48
Q

What important vessels run through the anterior interventricular groove?

A

anterior interventricular A and middle cardiac V

49
Q

What do the subendocardial branches do?

A

distribute AV nodal impulses from AV bundles –> to interventricular septum, then to papillary muscles –> ventricular wall
also called purkinje fibers

50
Q

What nerve is anginal pain referred to?

A

Left medial brachial cutaneous N

51
Q

What is the conus arteriosus and where is it?

A

smooth-walled muscle in R ventricle that leads into pulmonary trunk

52
Q

What is the fossa ovalis?

A

embryonic remnant of the foramen ovalis that separated right and left atria

CP-1 (32 decks)

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