Respiratory Control Flashcards
What are the two parts of the VRG?
cephalic: premotor to phrenic N and other inspiratory Ms
caudal: premotor to muscles of expiration
What are the 2 sets of chemorecpetors?
central chemoreceptors in brain
peripheral chemoreceptors in corotid and aorta
Which are faster, peripheral chemoreceptors or central chemoreceptors?
peripheral
What is a chemoreceptor?
neuron that is sensitive to specific chemicals
in respiratory sys, chemicals are CO2, O2, and H+
What do slow-adapting pulmonary stretch receptors do?
sense stretch of airway –> fibers travel to brain in vagus N –> inhibit inspiration and prolong expiration
What is apnea?
absence of inspiration
due to medullary or spinal cord damage
What does the pre-botzinger complex do?
generates the timing/frequency of the respiratory rhythm
What is the “controller” of respiration?
medulary centers
How do cortical influences control breathing?
when you are talking, holding your breath
cortex bypasses medullary centers and sends input directly to muscles of respiration
What group of people are the slow-adapting pulmonary stretch receptors super important for?
infants and adults during exercise
What do lesions of the PRG cause?
apneusis: failure to turn inspiration off
therefore: PRG controls length of inspiration
What would an increase in CO2 do to a chemoreceptor?
A decrease in O2?
An increase in H+?
all causes increase firing
in contrast to a normal neuron –> would cause decrease
What 2 receptors mediate reflexes that override normal respiratory control sys?
rapidly-adapting receptors
J receptors
What does the DRG do?
95% premotor to phrenic N
receives lots of sensory info
allows it generate pattern appropriate to circumstance
What is hypercapnia?
excess CO2 in the blood
