Respiratory Cycle + Lung Volumes DSA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general rule for one letter abbreviations?

A

capital letters = air

lower letters = blood

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2
Q

What does v with a line above it mean?

A

mixed venous (blood from all the organs/tissues mixed together)

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3
Q

What does F stand for?

A

fractional concentration of gas (would specify what gas you are referring to)

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4
Q

What is the abbreviation for arterial?

A

a

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5
Q

How do you calculate munite ventilation?

A

V(dot) = Vt * f

(tidal volume times respiratory rate)

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6
Q

What is the nitrogen-washout technique?

A

determines FRC

person breaths 100% O2 through one-way valve –> all expired gas collected until N2 reaches 0

total vol of all gas expired is measured and multiplied by % of N2 on mixed expired air (80%)

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7
Q

What is the abbreviation for blood flow?

A

Q

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8
Q

How is alveolar ventilation calculated/ what is it?

A

V(dot)A = (VT - VDS)*f

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9
Q

What is ERV?

A

expiratory reserve volume

volume of air that can be forced out in addition to tidal volume

*doesn’t include residual volume

*requires activation of expiratory muscles

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10
Q

What does a positive transpulmonary pressure mean?

A

the lungs are “open” or partially inflated

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11
Q

What is IC?

A

inspiratory capacity

capacity of air that can be maximally inspired following a normal exhale

IC = Vt + IRV

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12
Q

What is residual volume?

A

RV

volume of air that cannot be forced out, no matter how hard one tries

cannot be determined by spirometry

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13
Q

What is the abbreviation for alveolar?

A

A

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14
Q

What is the function of FRC?

A

helps prevent collapse of lungs, reduces workload, dilutes toxic inhaled gases

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15
Q

What is physiologic dead space?

A

anatomic dead space plus alveolar dead space

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16
Q

What is FRC?

A

functional residual capacity

amount of air that remains in the lungs following a normal expiration

FRC = ERV+RV

17
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

IRV

volume of air breathed above tidal volume

18
Q

What is intrapleural pressure at rest?

A

-5 cm H2O

19
Q

What are the abbreviations for atmospheric pressure?

A

PATM or PB

20
Q

What is VC?

A

vital capacity

amount of air that can be maximally inspired following a max expiration

VC = IRV + VT + ERV

21
Q

As the volume in the thorax goes up, what happens to the intrapleural pressure?

A

goes down!

(think PV=nRT)

22
Q

What is Helium dilution?

A

used to measure FRC

inhale known concentration of helium (insoluble in blood) from known volume -> change in concentration allows for determination of FRC

23
Q

What is alveolar volume?

A

amount of air that actually gets to the alveoli and participates in gas exchange

VA = Vt - VDS

24
Q

What is normal atmospheric pressure?

A

0 cm H20

25
Q

What is transpulmonary pressure?

A

Pressure “across” the lungs

PALV -PIP

26
Q

What is Vdot?

A

airflow or volume per unit time

27
Q

What is body plethysmography?

A

used to measure FRC

enclosed in box –> breath against shutter –> pressure in lungs change –> pressure in box changes proportionally

28
Q

At the end of expiration, what muscles are activated to hold the thorax at volume?

A

none! no effort is required to hold the thorax at rest

29
Q

What is the rough estimate for anatomic dead space?

A

VDS

volume in mL = weight in lbs

30
Q

What is alveolar dead space conceptually?

A

alveoli that are getting air, but not blood