Test 2 Lumbars Flashcards
Neurofibromatosis is a ___ disorder that produces pigmented spots, and ___ soft tissue nodules clustered along __ __.
genetic
pedunculated
nerve sheaths
In neurofibromatosis, nodules develop during __, growing to more than __cm in size
childhood
0.5
Neurofibromatosis nodules grow throughout individuals life, reaching __cm or more in size
1.5
Where are cafe-au-lait patches usually seen in neurofibromatosis?
Trunk, pelvis and flexor creases of elbows and knees
What are examples of skeletal deformities that may occur as a result of neurofibromatosis?
Scoliosis Vertebral body scalloping Fibrosis dysplasia tibial pseudoarthritis Sphenoid bone deformity
What are some non-skeletal problems associated with neurofibromatosis?
Mental impairment seizures hearing loss exophthalmosis decreased visual acuity GI bleeding
Gibbus deformity is a sharp __ in the lower __, affecting the normal __ of the lumbar spine.
kyphosis
thoracics
lordosis
A palpable or visible step-off from one sp to another may be indicative of a __. If there is a pars interarticularis defect, then it is a __ present
spondylolisthesis
spondylolysis
Spondylolytic Spondylolisthesis is a uni- or bilateral defect in the __ with __ or __ displacement of a vertebrae of the adjacent lower vertebrae.
pars
anterior
posterior
The umbilicus lies at __-__ disc space at the point where the __ divides into __
L3-L4
aorta
common iliacs
Anterior portions of __-__ bodies and discs are palpable below aorta’s division
L4-S1
The anterior portions of lumbar bodies are covered by the ___
ALL
Primary function of the zygapophyseal joint is to protect the motion segment from __ __forces, and excessive __ and __
anterior shear
rotation
flexion
The ALL is from __ along the __ aspect of the entire spinal column, becoming __ as it ascends
sacrum
anterior
thinner
The PLL is found throughout the spinal column, where it covers the __ aspect and ___
posteruir
IVD
Ligamentum Flavum connects 2 consecutive __
laminae
Supraspinous ligament connects the __ of 2 adjacent __
tips
spinous processes
Iliolumbar ligament functions to restrain __(4)__ of __ on __
flexion extension axial rotation side bending L5 S1
What are the 3 pseudo-ligaments?
Intertransverse
transforaminal
mamillo-accessory
Pseudo-ligaments resemble the __ part of the __ system, separating __ compartments and do not have and mechanical function
membranous
fascial
paravertebral
Quadratus lumborum has importance as a lumbar spine __. Lumbar multifudus is important for lumbar segmental __ through it’s ability to provide segmental __ and control __
stabilizer
stability
stiffness
motion
Erector Spinae is a composite muscle consisting of __ and __ muscles. Both of these ,sucles are subdivided into the lumbar and thoracic __ and __
Iliocostalis Lumborum
Thoracic Longissimus
Longissimii
Iliocostallii
Thoracolumbar fascia assists in the transmission of __ forces rduring lifting activities. Stabilizes the spine against __ __ and __ movements.
extension
anterior shear
flexion
Psoas takes origin from anterior portion of __-__ vertebral bodies and discs- it is the main __ __. Pain from psoas abcess increases when hip is actively __.
T12-L5
hip flexor
flexed
Sciatic nerve gives off branches to the __ and then divides into 2 terminal branches. What are they?
hamstrings
Tibial division
peroneal division
To palpate sciatic N., locate midpoint between the __ __ and the __ __
ischial tuberosity
greater trochanter
A disc is named after the vertebra __. A disc pathology affects the nerve root __.
above
below
In a disc protrusion, little pieces of __ __ protrude into the __ fibers
nucleus pulposis
annular
Disc prolapse (bulge) occurs when the nucleus pops out of the annular not yet __ fibers, they are just __
torn
stretched
Disc extrusion (AKA __) is when fibers are __ and nucleus bursts into the __, which is then torn. Patient often describes a __ noise.
Herniation
torn
PLL
shredding
Disc sequestration is when __ pieces of nucleus are in the __ __
multiple
spinal canal
Nerve supply to lumbar spine: Outer half of IVD is innervated by __ nerve and __ __ __. ___ aspect is also innervated by these 2 nerves. Thelateral aspect receives only __ innervation
sinuvertebral N.
grey rami communicants
Postero-lateral
sympathetic
The z-joints are innervated by the __ branches of __ __
medial
dorsal rami
Most of flexion/extension of the lumbar spine occurs in the __ segmental levels. Most of the side bending occurs at the __ lumbar area. Rotation occurs with __ as a coupled motion and is minimal but occurs most at the __ __
lower
mid
side bending
lumbosacral junction
At the vertebral level, flexion produces a combination of __ roll and an anterior __ of the body, and the __ or minimal reversal of __.
anterior
glide
straightening
lordosis
In flexion of the lumbars, at __-__ reversal may occur, but at __-__, the joint will straighten, but not reverse, unless pathology is present.
L4-L5
L5-S1
Pure extension involves __ roll and glide of vertebra, and a __ and __ motion of the z joints, but not necessarily a chnage in the degree of __.
posterior
posterior
inferior
lordosis
Axial rotation of the lumbar spine amount to about __ degrees on both sides. The greatest amount of segmental rotation, about __ degrees, occurs at the __ and __ segment.
13
5
L5
S1
What are some goals of the acute phase of intervention?
- decrease pain, inflammation, and spasm
- promote healing of tissues
- Increase pain free ROM
- Regain soft tissue extensibility
- regain neuromuscular control
- allow progression to functional stage
What are some goals of the function phase of intervention?
- Correct imbalances of strength and flexibility
- Incorporate neuromuscular re-education
- Strengthen kinetic chain
- posture correction and retraining
- Initiate and execute functional activities without pain and while dynamically stabilizing the spine in an automatic manner
