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Orthopedic Diagnosis > Test 2 Lumbars > Flashcards

Test 2 Lumbars Flashcards

1
Q

Neurofibromatosis is a ___ disorder that produces pigmented spots, and ___ soft tissue nodules clustered along __ __.

A

genetic
pedunculated
nerve sheaths

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2
Q

In neurofibromatosis, nodules develop during __, growing to more than __cm in size

A

childhood

0.5

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3
Q

Neurofibromatosis nodules grow throughout individuals life, reaching __cm or more in size

A

1.5

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4
Q

Where are cafe-au-lait patches usually seen in neurofibromatosis?

A

Trunk, pelvis and flexor creases of elbows and knees

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5
Q

What are examples of skeletal deformities that may occur as a result of neurofibromatosis?

A 
Scoliosis
Vertebral body scalloping
Fibrosis dysplasia
tibial pseudoarthritis
Sphenoid bone deformity
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6
Q

What are some non-skeletal problems associated with neurofibromatosis?

A 
Mental impairment
seizures
hearing loss
exophthalmosis
decreased visual acuity
GI bleeding
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7
Q

Gibbus deformity is a sharp __ in the lower __, affecting the normal __ of the lumbar spine.

A

kyphosis
thoracics
lordosis

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8
Q

A palpable or visible step-off from one sp to another may be indicative of a __. If there is a pars interarticularis defect, then it is a __ present

A

spondylolisthesis

spondylolysis

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9
Q

Spondylolytic Spondylolisthesis is a uni- or bilateral defect in the __ with __ or __ displacement of a vertebrae of the adjacent lower vertebrae.

A

pars
anterior
posterior

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10
Q

The umbilicus lies at __-__ disc space at the point where the __ divides into __

A

L3-L4
aorta
common iliacs

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11
Q

Anterior portions of __-__ bodies and discs are palpable below aorta’s division

A

L4-S1

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12
Q

The anterior portions of lumbar bodies are covered by the ___

A

ALL

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13
Q

Primary function of the zygapophyseal joint is to protect the motion segment from __ __forces, and excessive __ and __

A

anterior shear
rotation
flexion

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14
Q

The ALL is from __ along the __ aspect of the entire spinal column, becoming __ as it ascends

A

sacrum
anterior
thinner

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15
Q

The PLL is found throughout the spinal column, where it covers the __ aspect and ___

A

posteruir

IVD

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16
Q

Ligamentum Flavum connects 2 consecutive __

A

laminae

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17
Q

Supraspinous ligament connects the __ of 2 adjacent __

A

tips

spinous processes

18
Q

Iliolumbar ligament functions to restrain __(4)__ of __ on __

A 
flexion
extension
axial rotation
side bending
L5
S1
19
Q

What are the 3 pseudo-ligaments?

A

Intertransverse
transforaminal
mamillo-accessory

20
Q

Pseudo-ligaments resemble the __ part of the __ system, separating __ compartments and do not have and mechanical function

A

membranous
fascial
paravertebral

21
Q

Quadratus lumborum has importance as a lumbar spine __. Lumbar multifudus is important for lumbar segmental __ through it’s ability to provide segmental __ and control __

A

stabilizer
stability
stiffness
motion

22
Q

Erector Spinae is a composite muscle consisting of __ and __ muscles. Both of these ,sucles are subdivided into the lumbar and thoracic __ and __

A

Iliocostalis Lumborum
Thoracic Longissimus
Longissimii
Iliocostallii

23
Q

Thoracolumbar fascia assists in the transmission of __ forces rduring lifting activities. Stabilizes the spine against __ __ and __ movements.

A

extension
anterior shear
flexion

24
Q

Psoas takes origin from anterior portion of __-__ vertebral bodies and discs- it is the main __ __. Pain from psoas abcess increases when hip is actively __.

A

T12-L5
hip flexor
flexed

25
Q

Sciatic nerve gives off branches to the __ and then divides into 2 terminal branches. What are they?

A

hamstrings
Tibial division
peroneal division

26
Q

To palpate sciatic N., locate midpoint between the __ __ and the __ __

A

ischial tuberosity

greater trochanter

27
Q

A disc is named after the vertebra __. A disc pathology affects the nerve root __.

A

above

below

28
Q

In a disc protrusion, little pieces of __ __ protrude into the __ fibers

A

nucleus pulposis

annular

29
Q

Disc prolapse (bulge) occurs when the nucleus pops out of the annular not yet __ fibers, they are just __

A

torn

stretched

30
Q

Disc extrusion (AKA __) is when fibers are __ and nucleus bursts into the __, which is then torn. Patient often describes a __ noise.

A

Herniation
torn
PLL
shredding

31
Q

Disc sequestration is when __ pieces of nucleus are in the __ __

A

multiple

spinal canal

32
Q

Nerve supply to lumbar spine: Outer half of IVD is innervated by __ nerve and __ __ __. ___ aspect is also innervated by these 2 nerves. Thelateral aspect receives only __ innervation

A

sinuvertebral N.
grey rami communicants
Postero-lateral
sympathetic

33
Q

The z-joints are innervated by the __ branches of __ __

A

medial

dorsal rami

34
Q

Most of flexion/extension of the lumbar spine occurs in the __ segmental levels. Most of the side bending occurs at the __ lumbar area. Rotation occurs with __ as a coupled motion and is minimal but occurs most at the __ __

A

lower
mid
side bending
lumbosacral junction

35
Q

At the vertebral level, flexion produces a combination of __ roll and an anterior __ of the body, and the __ or minimal reversal of __.

A

anterior
glide
straightening
lordosis

36
Q

In flexion of the lumbars, at __-__ reversal may occur, but at __-__, the joint will straighten, but not reverse, unless pathology is present.

A

L4-L5

L5-S1

37
Q

Pure extension involves __ roll and glide of vertebra, and a __ and __ motion of the z joints, but not necessarily a chnage in the degree of __.

A

posterior
posterior
inferior
lordosis

38
Q

Axial rotation of the lumbar spine amount to about __ degrees on both sides. The greatest amount of segmental rotation, about __ degrees, occurs at the __ and __ segment.

A

13
5
L5
S1

39
Q

What are some goals of the acute phase of intervention?

A
  • decrease pain, inflammation, and spasm
  • promote healing of tissues
  • Increase pain free ROM
  • Regain soft tissue extensibility
  • regain neuromuscular control
  • allow progression to functional stage
40
Q

What are some goals of the function phase of intervention?

A
  • Correct imbalances of strength and flexibility
  • Incorporate neuromuscular re-education
  • Strengthen kinetic chain
  • posture correction and retraining
  • Initiate and execute functional activities without pain and while dynamically stabilizing the spine in an automatic manner

Orthopedic Diagnosis (17 decks)

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