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Orthopedic Diagnosis > Foot and Ankle > Flashcards

Foot and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

The ankle and foot have ____ bones. ___ sesamoid, and ___ articulations. ____ synovial joints

A

28 bones. 2 sesamoid. 55 articulations. 30 synovial joints.

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2
Q

The foot is divided into ? (3)

A

rearfoot, midfoot and forefoot.

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3
Q

rearfoot =

A

talus and calcaneus

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4
Q

midfoot =

A

navicular, cuboid and 3 cuniforms

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5
Q

forefoot =

A

14 bones of toes and 5 metatarsals. the medial and lateral sesamoids.

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6
Q

Distal tibiofibular joint is classified as?

A

syndesmosis

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7
Q

Distal tibiofibular joint consisits of a ____ tibial surface and a ____ distal end of the fibula

A

concave, convex.

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8
Q

the distal tibiofibular joint is a common area of _______ = separating ankle bones due to injury

A

diastasis

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9
Q

Talocrural joint is formed between the saddle-shapped _____ and the distal ___

A

talas, tibia.

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10
Q

Talocrural joint is classified as a _____ hinge or a modified ____ joint

A

synovial, sellar

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11
Q

The primary motions at this joint are dorsiflexion and The primary motions at the talocrural joint are _____ and
____ _____, with a total range of 70 plantar flexion, with a total range of ___ to ___.

A

dorsiflexion, plantar flexion.

70-80°

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12
Q

Theoretically, the pattern of the ankle joint is more
restriction of ______ than _____ although
clinically this appears to be reversed clinically this appears to be reversed.

A

plantarflexion than dorsiflexion

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13
Q

The close-packed position is ____-_____ dorsiflexion, while the ___-____ position is midway between supination and pronation.

A

weight-bearing.

open-packed

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14
Q

subtalar joint aka?

A

talocalcaneal

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15
Q

subtalar joint consists of two _____ _____ surfaces with their own joint cavities.

A

modified ovoid.

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16
Q

the bicondylar subtalar joint ensures that the ____ and ___ aspects can move in opposite directions.

A

anterior and posterior.

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17
Q

while the anterior aspect is moving _____, the posterior aspect is moving ____.

A

medially. Laterally.

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18
Q

subtalar joint supination and pronation are measured clinically by the amount of ?

A

calcaneal or hindfoot inversion and eversion.

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19
Q

(subtalar joint) In normal individuals, there is an inversion to eversion ratio of 2:3 to 1:3, which amounts to approximately ____ of inversion and __ of eversion.

A

20 degrees.

10 degrees.

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20
Q

In chronic arthritic conditions, there is an
increasing limitation of _____ , but with
traumatic arthritis, _______ appears most limited clinically.

A

inversion. eversion

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21
Q

The close-packed position for this joint is full ______, while the open-packed position is _____/______.

A

inversion. inversion/plantar flexion.

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22
Q

Two superficial ligaments of the talocalcaneal joint ligaments?

A

lateral and posterior talocalcaneal ligaments.

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23
Q

midtarsal joint complex consists of the ______ and _____ articulations.

A

talonavicular and calcaneocuboid.

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24
Q

talonavicular joint is classified as?

A

synovial, compound, modified ovoid joint.

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25
Q

calcaneocuboid joint is classified as ?

A

simple, synovial modified sellar joint.

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26
Q

What ligaments provide support to the mid-tarsal joint?

A
  1. spring ligament
  2. long plantar
  3. a portion of bifurcate ligament dorsally.
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27
Q

the cuneovavicular joint is classified as?

A

compound, synovial, modified ovoid joint.

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28
Q

intercuneiform and cuneocuboid joints are classified as?

A

compound, synovial, modified ovoid joints

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29
Q

when considered alone, this joint is classified as a compound modified ovoid, synovial joint?

A

cubometatarsal joint.

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30
Q

This joint is classified as a syndesmosis or plane surfaced joint

A

cubonavicular joint.

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31
Q

1st intermetatarsal joint classified as?

A

simple, synovial, modified ovoid joint.

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32
Q

2nd, 3rd and 4th classified as?

A

compound joints.

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33
Q

metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints classified as?

A

simple, synovial, modified ovoid joints.

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34
Q

IP joints classified as?

A

simple, synovial modified sellar joints.

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35
Q

IP joint: hyperextension of the MTP and flexion of PIP+DIP =?

A

claw toe

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36
Q

IP joint: hyperextension of the MTP & DIP joint and flexion of the PIP joint = ?

A

hammer toe

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37
Q

IP joint: hyperflexion of the DIP joint with callus formation on the dorsum of the affected

A

Mallet Toe

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38
Q

A lateral deviation of the proximal phalanx of the 1st toe with pain on the medial side of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint =?

A

Hallux Valgus

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39
Q

overlapping toes (in Hallux valgus) are the result of the adaptation to _____

A

bunion.

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40
Q

If at the 5th? = _____ bunion or a _____.

A

tailors bunion, bunionette.

41
Q

Plantar fascial originates from the __ _____ and inserts through a complex network to the plantar ____.

A

os calcis, forefoot.

42
Q

plantar fascia is composed of a tough _____ layer. composed histologically of both ____ and _____ fibers.

A

fibrous layer. collagen and elastic fibers.

43
Q

Abnormally high arch = ?

A

Pes Cavus **

44
Q

Absent arch = ?

A

Pes Planus **

45
Q

the ankle retinacula, function to ____ the leg tendons as the cross the ankle to enter the foot.

A

tether.

46
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the foot are divided into (4) compartments?

A
  1. anterior
  2. posterior superficial
  3. posterior deep
  4. lateral
47
Q

anterior compartment contains the _______ of the foot.

A

dorsiflexors

48
Q

Dorsiflexors include? (4)

A
  1. tibialis anterior
  2. extensor digitorum longus
  3. extensor hallucis longus
  4. peroneus tertius
49
Q

Which dorsiflexor is the strongest in the foot?

A

Tibialis anterior tendon ***

50
Q

Loss of the _____ ____ muscle strength can lead to _____ - foot or _____ ____.

A

tibialis anterior. Drop-foot. steppage gait.

51
Q

Posterior superficial compartment contains? (3)

A
  1. gastrocnemius
  2. soleus
  3. plantaris muscle
52
Q

Posterior deep compartment contains? foot ______ (3)

A

flexors:
1. posterior tibialis
2. flexor digitorum longus
3. flexor hallucis longus

53
Q

Lateral compartment contains the _____ L&B.

A

peroneus

54
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the foot are divided into ___ layers.

A

4

55
Q

1st layer contains? (3)

A
  1. abductor hallucis
  2. abductor digiti minimis
  3. flexor digitorum brevis
56
Q

2nd layer contains (2)

A
  1. flexor digitorum accessorius (quadratus plantae)

2. Lumbricales.

57
Q

3rd layer contains (3)

A
  1. flexor hallucis brevis
  2. flexor digiti minimis
  3. Adductor hallucis
58
Q

4th layer contains (2)

A
  1. dorsal interossei

2. plantar interossei

59
Q

Dorsal intrinsic muscles of the foot consist of the ____ ____ ____ and ___ ___ ___ mucles. (2)

A

extensor hallucis brevis & extensor digitorum brevis.

60
Q

how many arches in the foot?

A

3

61
Q

Name the arches in the foot (3)

A
  1. media longitudinal
  2. lateral longitudinal
  3. transverse
62
Q

Who is your fave aussie friend ? :)

A

Rebecca - lovin the freebies.

63
Q

It’s going tibia okay!

A
  • Tibia :p
64
Q

Medial Longitudinal arch is made up of?

A
  1. 1st 3 digits
  2. their metatarsals
  3. cuneiforms
  4. navicular
  5. talus
65
Q

Lateral longitudinal arch is made up of?

A
  1. 4th and 5th digits
  2. their metatarsals
  3. cuboid
  4. calcaneus
66
Q

Transverse arch of the foot is primarily formed by the __ ______ bones.

A

5 metatarsal bones

67
Q

what did the stimulus do to the neuron after they got married?

A

Carried it over the threshold -_-

68
Q

Dropped transverse arch leads to excessive pressure between the _______ ____

A

metatarsal heads

69
Q

pain between the metatarsal head (typically 3 and 4). No apparent injury- leads to?

A

Morton’s Neuroma

70
Q

the _______ nerve, the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve. provides _____ _____ to the ____ aspect of the foot.

A

saphneous. cutaneous distribution . Medial .

71
Q

which nerve provides sensory and motor innervation for the foot and leg?

A

sciatic nerve

72
Q

Neuropath of posterior tibial nerve in tarsal tunnel due to compression or stretching = ?

A

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

73
Q

repetitive hyperflexion or hyperextension motion resulting in _____ with resulting constriction of ____

A

tenosynovitis. PTN

74
Q

Unilateral swelling = ?

A

residual edema secondary to trauma

75
Q

Bilateral swelling = ?

A

may indicate cardiac or lymphatic problems or a pelvic obstruction to venous return.

76
Q

What do you call a tooth in a glass of water?

A

a one molar solution

77
Q

frontal plane motions?

A

inversion and eversion

78
Q

sagittal plane motions?

A

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

79
Q

horitonzal plane motions?

A

adduction and abduction

80
Q

A ______ motion describes a movement about an obliquely oriented axis through all ____ body planes.

A

triplane. three

81
Q

Triplanar motions occur at the ____, ____, and _____ joints and at the ____ and ____ rays.

A

talocrural, stubtalar, and midtarsal joints. 1st and 5th rays.

82
Q

_____ and _____ are considered triplanar motions.

A

pronation and supination

83
Q

pronation and abduction in the _____ plane

A

transverse

84
Q

dorsiflexion in the _____ plane

A

sagittal

85
Q

eversion in the _____ plane

A

frontal

86
Q

name the 3 body plane motions in supination.

A
  1. adduction
  2. plantar flexion
  3. inversion
87
Q

Function of the 1st MTP ?

A

to provide stability to medial aspect of foot and propulsion during gait.

88
Q

normal alignment of 1st MTP varies between ___ degrees ___ and ___ degrees ___.

A

5-varus

15 - valgus

89
Q

Great toe has ____ of active plantar flexion and _____ of active extention

A

30 degrees

50 degrees

90
Q

Great toe, increased passivly to between ___ - ___ degrees.

A

70 - 90.

91
Q

disorder of the purine metabolism where hyperuricemia leads to deposition of sodium monourate crystals into cartilage, synovium and subcutaneous tissues?

A

gout

92
Q

Gout male to female ratio?

A

20:1

93
Q

Gout ages?

A

40 to 60

94
Q

MC joint for gout?

A

1st MTP

95
Q

Laboratory tests will show an elevated ____, _____ and ____

A

ESR, Leukocytosis and hyperuricemia.

96
Q

Increasing weakness with repeated contractions of the same resistance indicate?

A

a palsy

97
Q

consistent weakness with repeated contractions could suggest?

A

decondition muscle, or a muscle tear.

98
Q

Yay Done :D

A

wohoo

Orthopedic Diagnosis (17 decks)

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