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Orthopedic Diagnosis > Test 1 Elbow > Flashcards

Test 1 Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

Monteggia Fx is a fracture of the __ near the junction of it’s __ and __ thirds associated with a dislocation of the ___. These are often classified by the direction that the radial head ___.

A

ulna
Proximal
Middle
radial head

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2
Q

Type 1 Monteggia Fx: Radial head dislocated ___, with __ angulation of the fractured shaft of the ulna. Occurs __% of the time.

A

anteriorly
palmar
60

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3
Q

Humeroulnar Joint is a __ __ joint between the __ __ of the proximal ulna and the __ of the humerus. The angulation of this joint forms the carrying angle.

A

uniaxial hinge
trochlear notch
trochlea

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4
Q

Carrying angle for males

A

11-14 degrees

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5
Q

Carrying Angle for females

A

13-16 degrees

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6
Q

What is the open pack position for humeroulnar joint?

A

70 degrees of flexion with 10 degrees of forearm supination

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7
Q

What is the close pack position for the humeroulnar joint?

A

full extension and maximum forearm supination

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8
Q

Cubital valgus is increased angulation of the elbow, possible caused by ___ damage. MOI is ___ ___ fracture

A

epiphyseal damage

lateral epicondylar

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9
Q

Fractures of lateral epicondyle represent __-__% of pediatric elbow fractures.

A

15-17

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10
Q

Most lateral epicondylar fractures occur from __-__ years of age. Most common MOI occurs when a __ force is applied to the elbow, causing the __ muscles and __ ligaments to __ the lateral epicondyle

A 
5-7
varus
extensor
LCL
avulse
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11
Q

Cubital Varus is a decrease in caryring angle AKA ___ ___. MOI is ___ fx.

A

Gunstock Deformity

Supracondylar

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12
Q

What are the most common elbow fractures in children and their associated percentages?

A

Supracondylar 60%
Lateral Condylar 15%
Medial Epicondylar 10%

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13
Q

Majority of Supracondylar fx are __ injuries and are due to a __, with the proximal ___ transmitting force to distal ___

A

extension
FOOSH
ulna
humerus

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14
Q

Humeroradial joint is a ___ joint between the __ of the humerus and __ of the radius. This design allows the elbow to __ and __, and for the radius to ___.

A 
uniaxial hinge
capitellum
head
flex
extend
rotate
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15
Q

What is open pack position of Humeroradial joint?

A

Extension and forearm supination

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16
Q

What is closed pack position of Humeroradial joint?

A

~90 degrees of elbow flexion and 5 degrees of supination

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17
Q

Proximal Radioulnar joint is a ___ joint found between __ of radius and __ of ulna.

A

uniaxial pivot
head
radial notch

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18
Q

What is open packed position of Radioulnar joint?

A

70 degrees of flexion, 35 degrees of forearm supination

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19
Q

What is closed pack position of the radioulnar joint?

A

5 degrees of forearm supination

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20
Q

The annular ligament forms __% of the articular surface of the __ radioulnar joint.

A

80

proximal

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21
Q

The ___ functions to maintain the relationship between the head of the radius, ulna, and humerus

A

Annular ligament

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22
Q

Pulled Elbow AKA ___ ___ is the result of a sudden pull of a child ages 2-5 by an impatient adult. The lesion is due to the ___ slipping out from under the ___ ___, trapping the ligament in the ___ articulation.

A

Nursemaid’s Elbow
Radial Head
Annular Ligament
Radiohumeral

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23
Q

Pulled Elbow MOI is long axis ___ with the child’s hand in ___.

A

distraction

pronation

24
Q

The fan-shaped MCL is the most important ligament in the elbow for poviding stability against ___ stress, particularly in the range of __-__ degrees of flexion and extension.

A

Valgus

20-130

25
Q

Anterior Band of Anterior Bundle of MCL is the ___ of the collateral ligaments. Primarily stabilizes the elbow against ___ stress in the ranges of __-__ degrees of flexion, and becomes a ___ restraint with further flexion.

A

strongest
valgus
20-120
secondary

26
Q

The posterior band of the anterior bundle of the MCL is taut beyond __ degrees of elbow flexion. It is a secondary restraint to __ stress at lesser degrees of flexion. It is an equal co-restraint with the ant. band at __ elbow flexion. It is a primary restraint to __ elbow extension

A

55
valgus
terminal
passive

27
Q

Transverse Bundle of the MCL AKA ___. FIbers both originate and insert on the __ and therefore little role in ___.

A

Cooper’s Ligament
Ulna
Stability

28
Q

Posterior Bundle of MCL is a thickening of the posterior elbow ___. It provides only __ restraint to __ stress at flexion beyond __ degrees.

A

capsule
secondary
valgus
90

29
Q

Little Leaguer’s Elbow is an ___ of the ___ ___. Usually found in a child or adolescent and is associated with sports requiring strong throwing motions.

A

avulsion

medial epicondyle

30
Q

Throwing motions put excessive compression between ___ and ___

A

Capitulum

Radial Head

31
Q

During infection, supracondylar lymph nodes present as…

A

large, soft, tender, mobile

32
Q

During malignancy, supracondylar lymphy nodes present as…

A

Large, hard, fixed, non-tender, nodular asymmetry

33
Q

LCL consists of: (4)

A

Annular Ligament
Radial Collateral Ligament
Accessory Collateral Ligament
Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament

34
Q

The ___ bursa is the main bursa of the elbow complex. It lies ___ between the skin and ___.

A

olecranon
posteriorly
olecranon process

35
Q

Under normal conditions, the __ does not directly contact the elbow joint. Because of it’s __ location, it is at high risk for injury from direct trauma to the elbow.

A

bursa

superficial

36
Q

Olecranon Bursitis AKAs

A

Miner’s Elbow

Student’s Elbow

37
Q

A fall on the tip of the elbow or direct blow to the __ can cause swelling. Pt with Olecranon Bursitis presents with elbow held in __-__ position

A

olecranon

semi-flexion

38
Q

What muscles are the prime movers of elbow flexion?

A

Biceps
Brachialis
Brachioradialis

39
Q

What are the weak flexors of the elbow?

A

Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi Ulna
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

40
Q

Traumatic Myositis Ossificans represents a ___ bone formation in the soft tissue. Process mostly occurs in the ___. Most occur following any local injury sufficient to cause bruising or frank hemorrhage within a muscle.

A

heterotrophic

muscle

41
Q

Myositis Ossificans most common sites are (4)

A

Brachailis Anterior
Quadriceps femoris
Adductors of thigh
MCL of knee

42
Q

Pellergrini Steida Disease is Myositis Ossificans of the ___.

A

MCL of the knee

43
Q

Prussian’s DIsease is Myositis Ossificans of the ___ of the ___/

A

Adductor Magnus

Thigh

44
Q

2 muscles that extend the elbow

A

Triceps

Anconeus

45
Q

3 muscles that pronate the forearm

A

Pronator Teres
Pronator Quadratus
Flexor Carpi Radialis

46
Q

The cubital fossa is the triangular space, located over the __ surface of the elbow joint, and serves as an entrance to the forearm, or ___

A

anterior

antebrachium

47
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A 
Tendon of biceps brachii
Median N
Radial N
Brachial A
Median Cubital Vein
48
Q

Inappropriate use of crutches can cause compression injury to the ___ Nerve

A

Ulnar

49
Q

The radial Tunnel AKA __ __ lies on the __ aspect of the radius is approximately 3-4 finger widths long, beginning proximal at the ___ joint and ending where the nerve passes deep to the ___ part of the ___ muscle.

A 
Supinator Canal
anterior
radiuhumeral
superficial
supinator
50
Q

Snapping Elbow could be a dislocation of: 3

A

Ulnar N.
Medial head of triceps
Tendon over the medial epicondyle as elbow is flexed or extended

51
Q

3 major tendon reflexes of elbow

A

Biceps
Brachioradialis
Triceps

52
Q

Elbow ROM

A

Extension- 0
Flexion- 150
Supination- 80
Pronation- 80

53
Q

Tennis Elbow is caused by repetitive tension overload of the forearm and wrist ___. Most affected is ___ tendon

A

extensors

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

54
Q

Golfer’s Elbow is caused by stress to the __ muscles or the ___

A

flexor

Medial Epicondyle

55
Q

Thrower’s elbow (Baseball elbow) is a ___ sprain due to overuse

A

MCL

56
Q

Referred pain in the elbow can come from the __ spine and the __ and __

A

Cervical

Wrist and hand

Orthopedic Diagnosis (17 decks)

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