Test 1 Elbow Flashcards
Monteggia Fx is a fracture of the __ near the junction of it’s __ and __ thirds associated with a dislocation of the ___. These are often classified by the direction that the radial head ___.
ulna
Proximal
Middle
radial head
Type 1 Monteggia Fx: Radial head dislocated ___, with __ angulation of the fractured shaft of the ulna. Occurs __% of the time.
anteriorly
palmar
60
Humeroulnar Joint is a __ __ joint between the __ __ of the proximal ulna and the __ of the humerus. The angulation of this joint forms the carrying angle.
uniaxial hinge
trochlear notch
trochlea
Carrying angle for males
11-14 degrees
Carrying Angle for females
13-16 degrees
What is the open pack position for humeroulnar joint?
70 degrees of flexion with 10 degrees of forearm supination
What is the close pack position for the humeroulnar joint?
full extension and maximum forearm supination
Cubital valgus is increased angulation of the elbow, possible caused by ___ damage. MOI is ___ ___ fracture
epiphyseal damage
lateral epicondylar
Fractures of lateral epicondyle represent __-__% of pediatric elbow fractures.
15-17
Most lateral epicondylar fractures occur from __-__ years of age. Most common MOI occurs when a __ force is applied to the elbow, causing the __ muscles and __ ligaments to __ the lateral epicondyle
5-7 varus extensor LCL avulse
Cubital Varus is a decrease in caryring angle AKA ___ ___. MOI is ___ fx.
Gunstock Deformity
Supracondylar
What are the most common elbow fractures in children and their associated percentages?
Supracondylar 60%
Lateral Condylar 15%
Medial Epicondylar 10%
Majority of Supracondylar fx are __ injuries and are due to a __, with the proximal ___ transmitting force to distal ___
extension
FOOSH
ulna
humerus
Humeroradial joint is a ___ joint between the __ of the humerus and __ of the radius. This design allows the elbow to __ and __, and for the radius to ___.
uniaxial hinge capitellum head flex extend rotate
What is open pack position of Humeroradial joint?
Extension and forearm supination
What is closed pack position of Humeroradial joint?
~90 degrees of elbow flexion and 5 degrees of supination
Proximal Radioulnar joint is a ___ joint found between __ of radius and __ of ulna.
uniaxial pivot
head
radial notch
What is open packed position of Radioulnar joint?
70 degrees of flexion, 35 degrees of forearm supination
What is closed pack position of the radioulnar joint?
5 degrees of forearm supination
The annular ligament forms __% of the articular surface of the __ radioulnar joint.
80
proximal
The ___ functions to maintain the relationship between the head of the radius, ulna, and humerus
Annular ligament
Pulled Elbow AKA ___ ___ is the result of a sudden pull of a child ages 2-5 by an impatient adult. The lesion is due to the ___ slipping out from under the ___ ___, trapping the ligament in the ___ articulation.
Nursemaid’s Elbow
Radial Head
Annular Ligament
Radiohumeral
Pulled Elbow MOI is long axis ___ with the child’s hand in ___.
distraction
pronation
The fan-shaped MCL is the most important ligament in the elbow for poviding stability against ___ stress, particularly in the range of __-__ degrees of flexion and extension.
Valgus
20-130
Anterior Band of Anterior Bundle of MCL is the ___ of the collateral ligaments. Primarily stabilizes the elbow against ___ stress in the ranges of __-__ degrees of flexion, and becomes a ___ restraint with further flexion.
strongest
valgus
20-120
secondary
The posterior band of the anterior bundle of the MCL is taut beyond __ degrees of elbow flexion. It is a secondary restraint to __ stress at lesser degrees of flexion. It is an equal co-restraint with the ant. band at __ elbow flexion. It is a primary restraint to __ elbow extension
55
valgus
terminal
passive
Transverse Bundle of the MCL AKA ___. FIbers both originate and insert on the __ and therefore little role in ___.
Cooper’s Ligament
Ulna
Stability
Posterior Bundle of MCL is a thickening of the posterior elbow ___. It provides only __ restraint to __ stress at flexion beyond __ degrees.
capsule
secondary
valgus
90
Little Leaguer’s Elbow is an ___ of the ___ ___. Usually found in a child or adolescent and is associated with sports requiring strong throwing motions.
avulsion
medial epicondyle
Throwing motions put excessive compression between ___ and ___
Capitulum
Radial Head
During infection, supracondylar lymph nodes present as…
large, soft, tender, mobile
During malignancy, supracondylar lymphy nodes present as…
Large, hard, fixed, non-tender, nodular asymmetry
LCL consists of: (4)
Annular Ligament
Radial Collateral Ligament
Accessory Collateral Ligament
Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament
The ___ bursa is the main bursa of the elbow complex. It lies ___ between the skin and ___.
olecranon
posteriorly
olecranon process
Under normal conditions, the __ does not directly contact the elbow joint. Because of it’s __ location, it is at high risk for injury from direct trauma to the elbow.
bursa
superficial
Olecranon Bursitis AKAs
Miner’s Elbow
Student’s Elbow
A fall on the tip of the elbow or direct blow to the __ can cause swelling. Pt with Olecranon Bursitis presents with elbow held in __-__ position
olecranon
semi-flexion
What muscles are the prime movers of elbow flexion?
Biceps
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
What are the weak flexors of the elbow?
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi Ulna
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Traumatic Myositis Ossificans represents a ___ bone formation in the soft tissue. Process mostly occurs in the ___. Most occur following any local injury sufficient to cause bruising or frank hemorrhage within a muscle.
heterotrophic
muscle
Myositis Ossificans most common sites are (4)
Brachailis Anterior
Quadriceps femoris
Adductors of thigh
MCL of knee
Pellergrini Steida Disease is Myositis Ossificans of the ___.
MCL of the knee
Prussian’s DIsease is Myositis Ossificans of the ___ of the ___/
Adductor Magnus
Thigh
2 muscles that extend the elbow
Triceps
Anconeus
3 muscles that pronate the forearm
Pronator Teres
Pronator Quadratus
Flexor Carpi Radialis
The cubital fossa is the triangular space, located over the __ surface of the elbow joint, and serves as an entrance to the forearm, or ___
anterior
antebrachium
What are the contents of the cubital fossa?
Tendon of biceps brachii Median N Radial N Brachial A Median Cubital Vein
Inappropriate use of crutches can cause compression injury to the ___ Nerve
Ulnar
The radial Tunnel AKA __ __ lies on the __ aspect of the radius is approximately 3-4 finger widths long, beginning proximal at the ___ joint and ending where the nerve passes deep to the ___ part of the ___ muscle.
Supinator Canal anterior radiuhumeral superficial supinator
Snapping Elbow could be a dislocation of: 3
Ulnar N.
Medial head of triceps
Tendon over the medial epicondyle as elbow is flexed or extended
3 major tendon reflexes of elbow
Biceps
Brachioradialis
Triceps
Elbow ROM
Extension- 0
Flexion- 150
Supination- 80
Pronation- 80
Tennis Elbow is caused by repetitive tension overload of the forearm and wrist ___. Most affected is ___ tendon
extensors
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Golfer’s Elbow is caused by stress to the __ muscles or the ___
flexor
Medial Epicondyle
Thrower’s elbow (Baseball elbow) is a ___ sprain due to overuse
MCL
Referred pain in the elbow can come from the __ spine and the __ and __
Cervical
Wrist and hand
