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Orthopedic Diagnosis > Final Exam Hip and Pelvis > Flashcards

Final Exam Hip and Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

The body of the ilium forms the __ 2/5 of the ___

A

superior

acetabulum

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2
Q

The ischium = a body, which contributes to the __ and the __

A

acetabulum

ramus

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3
Q

The ischium forms the __ 2/5 of the __

A

posterior

acetabulum

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4
Q

__ and __ form the ischial tuberosity

A

Ischium

ramus

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5
Q

Pubis forms the __ __ of the acetabulum

A

anterior 1/5

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6
Q

What 3 things fuse together within the acetabulum?

A

Ilium, Ischium, Pubis

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7
Q

How is the acetabulum angled?

A

Laterally, inferiorly, anteriorly

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8
Q

The Acetabular rim (aka __) __ the acetabulum, thereby increasing __ of the hip joint

A

labrum
deepens
stability

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9
Q

3 joints of Pelvic girdle

A 
Hip joint (acetabularfemoral)
SI joint
Pubic Symphisis
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10
Q

___ marks the widestpoint on the iliac crests

A

iliac tubercle

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11
Q

Iliac Crest contusion: Contusion to the site of or an __ of the __ __ and/or the __ muscles from the crest.

A

avulsion
quadratus lumborum
abdominal

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12
Q

Inspection: __ __ should be level with he __ __.

A

Greater trochanters

pubic tubercles

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13
Q

Bucket handle fx: Superior and inferior __ __ fractures with a __ or __ of the __ SI joint

A

pubic rami
separation
fracture
contralateral

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14
Q

What is a sprung pelvis?

A

Separation of the pubic symphysis and both SI joints

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15
Q

What is a straddle fx?

A

Bilateral superior pubic rami and ischiopubic fractures

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16
Q

Avulsion fx of the pelvis: Most common areas are???

A

ASIS
AIIS
Ischial Tub.

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17
Q

Approximately __ of the femoral head is covered with a smooth layer__ except for a depression, the __ __, which serves as the attachment of the __ __

A

2/3
cartilage
fovea capitis
ligamentum teres

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18
Q

The angle between the femoral shaft and the neck is called the ___ angle. This angle is approximately __-__ degrees but can vary with body types

A

inclination

125-130

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19
Q

Dashboard injury to the knee will cause a __ hip dislocation if the hip is __ at the time of injury.

A

posterior

adducted

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20
Q

The __ bone in the femoral neck and head is specially designed to withstand __ load. The design incorporates both primary and secondary __ and __ patterns

A

trabecular
high
compressive
tensile

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21
Q

The lesser trochanter, located on the __ junction of the neck and shaft of the femur, is created from the pull
of the __ muscle

A

posterior-medial

iliopsoas

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22
Q

The angle that the femoral

neck makes with the acetabulum is called the angle of __ (normal is __-__°)

A

anteversion

8-15

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23
Q

Femoral Anteversion: The angle between femoral neck and the transcondylar axis is greater than __ degrees. Pt has a __ __ gait

A

15

toe in

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24
Q

What are some conditions that may result from increased femoral head torision? (Anteversion)

A 
OA
Dysplasia of the acetabulum 
Susceptibility to ant. femoral dislocation
knee joint misalignment problems
patellar dislocations
Excessive lumbar lordosis
external rotation of tibia
pronation of feet
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25
Q

Femoral retroversion: The angle between the femoral neck and the transcondylar axis is __
than 15 degrees. Pt has __ __gait.

A

less

toe out

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26
Q

Decreased femoral head torsion may result in which conditions?

A

Low back or SI pathologies
Internal rotation of tibia
Supination of feet

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27
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease is an avulsion of the __ __ epiphysis before closure of the growth plate. Male __:__ predominance. Ages __-__

A

femoral capital
5:1
3-12

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28
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes: History of painful __, reduced __, muscle __. Positive __ test.

A

limp
mobility
atrophy
Trendelenburg

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29
Q

Primary causes of Legg-Calve-Perthes

A

Trauma
Hereditary
Nutritional
Circulatory

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30
Q

4 stages (2-8 years) of Legg-Calve-Perthes

A

Avascularization
Revascularization
Repair
Deformity

31
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes peak incidence is five years within a range of __-__ years. Bilateral in __%. First sign may be joint __ as shown by __ displacement of femoral head.

A

2-14
10%
effusion
lateral

32
Q

2 parts of iliofemoral ligament

A

Inferior (medial)

Superior (lateral)

33
Q

__ ligament is the strongest in the body. Ligament is oriented __-__ and blends with __ muscle

A

Iliofemoral
superior-laterally
Iliopsoas

34
Q

Pubofemoral ligament blends with the __ band of __, and the __ muscle. Orientation is __-__

A

inferior
iliofemoral
pectineus
inferior-medial

35
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament winds __ around the __, and attaches __, strengthening the __. This ligament is more commonly __ than other hip ligaments.

A 
posteriorly
femur
anteriorly
capsule
injured
36
Q

Extra-articular hip ligaments all tighten with hip __. Lateral band of Iliofemoral limits __. Medial band limits __ __.

A

extension
adduction
external rotation

37
Q

Pubofemoral ligament limits __

A

abduction

38
Q

Ischiofemoral Ligament limits __ of the __

A

internal rotation

hip

39
Q

Iliopsoas function

A

Most powerful hip flexor

40
Q

Pectineus fxn

A

Adductor, flexor, and internal rotator of the hip

41
Q

Rectus Femoris fxn

A

flexion at hip and extension at knee

42
Q

TFL action

A

assists in flexing, abducting and internally rotating the hip

43
Q

Sartorius Action

A

Flexion, abduction and ext. rot. of the hip, and some degree of knee flexion

44
Q

Glut. Max fxn

A

Largest and most important extensor and external rotator of the hip

45
Q

Glut medius fxn

A

Main hip abductor

46
Q

Anterior Glut. Medius fxn

A

flex, adduct, and int. rot. hip

47
Q

Posterior Glut. Medius fxn

A

Extend and ext. rot. hip

48
Q

Glut. Minimus fxn.

A

Major internal rotator of the femur

49
Q

What are some possible causes of weak gluteus muscle?

A 
Fx of greater trochanter
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
congenital hip dislocation
poliomyelitis
meningomyocele
nerve root lesion
50
Q

Slipped Femoral Capital Epiphysis: Slipping of the __ as it remains in the __. Usually adolescents aged __-__.Usually Males or females? Blacks or whites? Left or right hip?

A 
head
acetabulum
10-15
males
blacks
Left
51
Q

Slipped Femoral Capital Epiphysis is more common with __ adolescents. Usually onset of __ with __ pain referred to the __. Etiology is trauma __% of the time. Alteration in __ __

A 
overweight
limp
hip
knee
50
klein's line
52
Q

Piriformis function

A

External Rotator of he hip at less than 60 degrees of flexion
-At 90 degrees of hip flexion, it reverses it’s action becoming an internal rotator and abductor

53
Q

What are small external rotators of the hip?

A

Obturator externus and internus
Sup. and Inf. Gemelli
Quadratus Femoris

54
Q

Biceps femoris action

A

extend hip, flex knee, externally rotate tibia

55
Q

semimembranosus/tendinosus action

A

extend hip, flex knee, internally rotate tibia

56
Q

What are the adductors of the hip?

A

Adductor magnus, longus, and brevis

Gracilis

57
Q

Where is iliopsoas bursa located?

A

under inguinal ligament, between iliopsoas tendon and iliopectineal eminence of sup. pubic rami

58
Q

OA of the hip commonly causes inflammation of the __ bursa.

A

psoas

59
Q

Subtrochanteric bursa is located between the __ __ and ___

A

Greater trochanter

TFL

60
Q

WHat are the femoral triangle borders?

A

Sup: Inguinal Ligament
Med: Adductor Longus
Lat: Sartorius

61
Q

What forms the lateral side of the floor of femoral triangle?

A

portions of iliopsoas

62
Q

What forms the medial side of the floor of femoral triangle?

A

Pectineus

63
Q

What are the neurovascular structures that pass through the femoral triangle from medial to lateral?

A

Femoral Vein, artery, and nerve

64
Q

Postl Gluteal region receives cutaneous innervation by way of the __ nerve, __ nerve, dorsal rami of (3) and the __ __ rami (__ nerves) of (3)

A 
subcostal
iliohypogastric
L1-L3
dorsal primary
cluneal
S1-S3
65
Q

Anterior region of the hip has it’s cutaneous supply divided around the __ ligament. The area superior to the ligament is supplied by the __ nerve. The area inferior is supplied by the __ nerve, the __ branch of __ nerve, and __ nerve.

A 
inguinal
iliohypogastric
subcostal
femoral
genitofemoral
Ilioinguinal
66
Q

Normally, the sciatic nerve passes __ to piriformis (__% of the time)

A

inferior

88

67
Q

The peroneal division of sciatic nerve passes through the piriformis muscle __% of the time

A

11

68
Q

Both divisions of the sciaticnerve pass through the piriformis muscle __% of the time

A

0.1%

69
Q

External iliac artery becomes he __ artery as it passes __ the__ ligament

A

femoral
underneath
inguinal

70
Q

Most of the femoral head is supplied by which artery?

A

Lateral epiphyseal

71
Q

Acute Phase Intervention

A

Principles of PRICE are applied

  • Protection
  • Rest
  • Ice
  • Compression
  • Elevation
72
Q

Goals of acute phase

A

Protect injury site
restore pain-free ROM
Improve patient comfort by decreasing pain
retard muscle atrophy
Minimize detrimental effects of immobilaztion and activity restriction
patient to be independent with home exercise program

73
Q

Goals of functional phase

A

Attain full ROM
Restore normal joint kinematics
improve muscle strength to within normal limits
improve neuromuscular control
restore normal force couple relationships

Orthopedic Diagnosis (17 decks)

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