Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology > Test 2- Integumentary System > Flashcards

Test 2- Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structures within the integumentary system?

A

Skin
Hair
Nails
Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A 
Protection 
Sensation
Temperature regulation 
Vitamin D production 
Excretion 
Immunity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List 3 layers of the skin and describe

A

Epidermis: superficial epithelial tissue
Dermis: connective tissue
Subcutaneous tissue: not part of the skin
- loose connective tissue that connects skin to underlying structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of epidermal cells

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkels cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain Keratinocytes

A

Most cells produce keratin for strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain melanocytes

A

Contribute to the skins colour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain Langerhans cells

A

Part of the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define Merkels cells

A

Detect light, touch and superficial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define desquamate

A

Cells of deeper layers undergo mitosis; as they move towards the surface the old ones slough off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define keratinization

A

As cells nice outward through the layers, they fill with keratin, die, and serve as a layer that resists abrasions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain epidermal strata

A

Stratum basale ( germinitivum) - deepest portion of epidermis & single layer
Stratum spinosum- limited cell division
Stratum granulosum- contains keratohyolin
Stratum lucidum- thin, clear zone found on palms and soles
Stratum corneum - most superficial and consists of cornified cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe thick skin:

A
  • has all 5 epithelial strata

- found in places subject to pressure ( palms, fingertips, soles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe thin skin:

A
  • more flexible than thick skin
  • covers rest of body
  • hair grows here
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Skin colour is determined by what 3 things?

A
  • pigment
  • blood circulation
  • thickness of stratum corneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the dermis contain?

A

Papillary: superficial ( outer)
Reticular: deep ( inner)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain the hair cycle and resting stages:

A

Growth: cells added at base and hair elongates. Average rate 0.3 mm/ day

Rest: follicle shortens and holds hair in place.

  • Rest, then hair falls out of follicle.
  • New hair begins
17
Q

Name and describe the glands :

A

Sebaceous glands:

  • oily secretion
  • prevents drying and may inhibit bacteria
  • empties into hair follicle

Sweat glands:

  • has two types
    1. Merocrine ( eccrine)
  • most common
  • opens directly into surface of the skin
  • has own pores
  • coiled part in dermis, duct exits through epidermis
  • can be found in palms and soles
  1. Apocrine
    - active at puberty
    - usually open into hair follicles superficial to opening of sebaceous glands
    - secretion is odourless but when acted upon by bacteria, may become odiferous

Ceremonious gland :

  • modified merocrine sweat glands
  • Example ear wax
  • in combination with hairs it prevents dirt and insects from entering

Mammary glands:
-modified apocrine sweat glands

18
Q

Physiology of the integumentary system

A

Protection:

  • against abrasions
  • against microorganisms
  • melanin against UV radiation
  • nails self defence

Sensation :

  • pressure
  • temperature
  • pain
  • touch

Temperature regulation:

  • sweat causes evaporative cooling
  • arteriolar in dermis change diameter, more or less blood flows through the dermis

Vitamin D production:
- begins at the skin
Stimulates uptake of Calcium and Phosphate from intestines
- promotes calcium and phosphate release from bones
- reduced calcium loss from kidneys
- increases blood calcium levels

Excretion:

  • removal of waste products from the body
  • sweat: water, salt, ammonia and uric acid
19
Q

What are the effects of aging on the integumentary system?

A
  • skin is more easily damaged because epidermis tissue and amount of collagen decreases
  • skin infections are more likely
  • wrinkling occurs due to decrease in elastic fibres
  • skin becomes drier
  • sunlight ages skin more rapidly
20
Q

What are the classification of burns?

A
  • first degree
  • second degree
  • third degree
21
Q

List the skin grafts:

A
  • split skin
  • Artificial skin
  • cadavers or pigs
22
Q

Explain the rule of nines :

A
  • used to estimate the amount of body that is burned
23
Q

What is the purpose of the epidermis?

A
  • Resists abrasion

- Reduces water loss through the skin

24
Q

What is the purpose of the dermis ?

A
  • responsible for most of the structural strength of the skin
25
Q

Partial thickness

A

1st degree

Red

26
Q

Deep partial

A

2nd degree

Blisters

27
Q

Full thickness

A

3rd degree

Least painful, lack of nerves

Anatomy & Physiology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions