Advanced -blood Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are the functions of the blood?
- Transport of gases, nutrients and waste products eg. Oxygen
- transport of processed molecules eg. Precursor of vitamin d from skin to liver and then kidneys
- transport of regulatory molecules eg. Hormones
- regulation of osmosis and pH ( normal pH of most tissues is 7.35-7.45 )
- clot formation
- maintenance of body temperature
- protection against foreign substances. Eg antibodies
Composition of blood?
Plasma - 55%
Wbc and platelets - less than 1%
Rbc- 45%
Liquid part of blood
Colloid :
Liquid containing suspended substances that don’t settle out of solution
- 91% h2o, remainder waste products, nutrients, ions, protein, and gases
Protein of the blood
Globulins :
Transports lipids, carbs, hormones, Iona and antibodies
Proteins of the blood
Fibrinogen:
Blood clotting
Protein of the blood
Ions:
Involved in osmosis, membrane potentials and acid based balance
Proteins of the blood
Nutrients :
Glucose, amino acids , triacylglycerol, cholesterol and vitamins
Protein of the blood
Waste products:
Urea, uric acid, creatinine and ammonia salts
What is bilirubin?
Breakdown of RBC’s
What is lactic acid
End product of anaerobic respiration
Gases :
Oxygen, CO2 and inert nitrogen
Regulatory substances:
Hormones and enzymes
Formed elements
Red blood cells ( erythrocytes) :
- transports oxygen and CO2
- biconcave disks
- anucleate
- contains hemoglobin
Formed elements
White blood cells ( leukocytes)
- granulocytes
2. agranulocytes
Platelets ( thrombocytes)
- cell fragment
- form platelet plugs
- release chemicals necessary for blood clotting
Components of RBC
-1/3 hemoglobin
2/3 lipids, ATP, carbonic anhydrase
RBC Function transport
Oxygen from lungs to tissues:
- 98.5% attached to hemoglobin
- 1.5% dissolve in plasma
Carbon dioxide from tissue to lungs
- 7% dissolve in plasma
- 23% in combination with hemoglobin
- 70% transported as bicarbonate ions produced as a result of combination of h2o and co2
Hemoglobin composition
- four globin molecules: transport co2, nitric oxide brought from lungs to tissues. Induces smooth muscles to relax lowering BP
- four heme molecules : each containing one iron atom to transport oxygen
Erythropoiesis:
RBC’s last 120 days in circulation
erythropoietin:
Hormone stimulates RBC production, produced by kidneys in response to low blood O2 levels
White blood cells
- protect body against microorganisms and remove dead cells and debris
Movements of the WBC
- ameboid : pseudopods
- diapedesis : cells become thin and move between or through endothelial cells of capillaries
- chemotaxis: attraction to and movement toward foreign materials or damaged cells
Neutrophils :
- after leaving bone marrow, stay in circulation for 10-12 hours then move to other tissue
- become fixed, phagocytize bacteria, antigen- antibody complexes and other foreign matter
- lasts for 1-2 days, accounts for 60-70% of WBC
Eosinophils:
- leave circulation and enter tissues during inflammatory response. Prevalent in allergic reactions
- destroy inflammatory chemicals like histamine
- release chemicals that help destroy tape worm, flukes and pinworms
- account for 2-4% of WBC
