Test 2: hemorrhage

Question 1

initial vessel wall constriction is cause by the release of — by platelets

Answer 1

thromboxane

Question 2

transient vessel wall constriction is first cause by — and then by —

Answer 2

Thromboxane from platelets

prostacyclin from endothelial cells

Question 3

— factor is required for platelet adhesion

Answer 3

von Willebrand’s factor

Question 4

how does aspirin effect platelets

Answer 4

inhibits cyclooxygenase

prevents them from making Thromboxane- aggregation and vasoconstriction

they would only make prostacyclin which inhibits platelet activation and causes vasodilation

would need to hold Aspirin 5-10 days before procedure

Question 5

Thromboxane causes

Answer 5

platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction

Question 6

Prostacylcin causes

Answer 6

inhibits platelet activation and causes vasodilation

Question 7

COX 1 or Cox2 expressed during inflammation

Answer 7

Cox 2

Question 8

clotting factors are made by the

Answer 8

liver

Question 9

which clotting factors are Vit K dependent

Answer 9

2,7,9 10

Question 10

Vitamin K required for —
in the hepatocyte.

Answer 10

post-ribosomal carboxylation

vit K is fat soluble

Question 11

how does rodent poison work

Answer 11

inhibit vit K epoxide reductase

Question 12

intrinsic cascade is started by

Answer 12

contact of blood with foreign surface or damaged vessel wall

Question 13

citrate inside blood bag will

Answer 13

bind to calcium and prevent clotting

Question 14

extrinsic cascade is activated by

Answer 14

exposure to damaged
endothelium, extravascular tissue

Tissue thromboplastin complexes with and
activates factor VII which then activates the
final common pathway

Question 15

Maximum activation of platelets occurs when they
are stimulated by both—

Answer 15

collagen and thrombin

Question 16

As platelets accumulate, new platelets are blocked
from interaction with — so their surface
procoagulant activity decreases

Answer 16

collagen

Question 17

factor 7a will trigger — to stop clots

Answer 17

Thrombomodulin
protein C

will inactivate Factor 5 and 8a

Question 18

protein C will inactivate —

Answer 18

factor 8 and factor 5

Question 19

— is used to break down clots

Answer 19

plasminogen

Question 20

give — to greyhounds to prevent clots from breaking up too quickly

Answer 20

aminocaproic acid
Tranexamic

competes with fibrin for the lysine binding site of plasminogen/plasmin

Question 21

Answer 21

tranfixation used for large vessels

Question 22

“Obliterative” coagulation

Answer 22

Direct contact of electrode with vessel
– Thrombosis, coagulation of contracted tissue

Question 23

“Coaptive” coagulation

Answer 23

Contact of electrode to hemostat on vessel
– Adventitia destroyed
– Smooth muscle dehydrated
– Intimal layers fuse

Question 24

— is used from temporary occlusion of major vessels

Answer 24

clamps
rummel torniquets