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RUSVM Physiology II > Test 2 General Questions > Flashcards

Test 2 General Questions Flashcards

1
Q

JG Cells release renin in response to…?

A
  • Decreased BP in AA (JG acts like a baroreceptor)
  • A paracrine secretion by the Macula Densa
  • Catecholamines
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2
Q

What does the Macula Densa measure?

A

-“flowmeter” measures electrolyte delivery

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3
Q

What is Renin?

A

-An enzyme with angiotensinogen (plasma protein made by the liver) as its substrate.

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4
Q

What does Renin do?

A

Cleaves angiotensinogen into Angiotensin 1.

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5
Q

What is Angiotensin 1?

A

A substrate for ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme).

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6
Q

What does ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) do?

A

Converts angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2.

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7
Q

What does angiotensin 2 do?

A
  • potent systemic vasoconstriction
  • potent vasoconstriction at AA and EA (more so at EA)
  • Increases activity of Na+K+ATPase at proximal tubule
  • Promotes ADH secretion
  • Promotes Aldosterone secretion
  • Inhibits renin release by JG cells
  • Stimulates thirst center in brain
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8
Q

What is the effect of increased activity of Na+K+ATPase at the proximal tubule?

A

Increased (higher than 67%) reabsorption

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9
Q

What does Aldosterone do?

A
  • Increases activity of Na+K+ATPase in aLOH
  • Increases # of luminal ports in DCT, MCD, and CCD
  • Overall, increases reabsorption of water
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10
Q

What happens when Aldosterone increases the activity of Na+K+ATPase in aLOH?

A

Increase reabsorption of water

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11
Q

What happens when Aldosterone increases the # of luminal ports in the DCT, MCD, and CCD?

A

Increase reabsorption of water

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12
Q

What does ADH do?

A
  • potent systemic vasoconstrictor
  • promotes contraction of mesangial cells
  • Increases activity of Na+K+ATPase in aLOH
  • Increases AQUAPORINS in the luminal membrane which increases H20 permeability of entire CD
  • Increases UREA TRANSPORTERS in the luminal membrane which increases urea permeability of inner medullary portion of CD
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13
Q

What happens when ADH ncreases the number of aquaporins in the luminal membrane?

A

Increases water permeability of entire CD

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14
Q

What happens ADH increases urea transporters in the luminal membrane?

A

Increases urea permeability of inner medullary part of the CD

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15
Q

What is ANP?

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

  • released by atrial myocytes in response to stretch
  • the atrial myocytes act as baroreceptors
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16
Q

What does ANP do?

A
  • potent systemic vasoDILATOR
  • promotes relaxation of mesangial cells
  • Opposes aldosterone by decreasing reabsorption of Na+ in the MCD
  • Acts to decreases secretion of ADH, Aldosterone, and Renin
  • Decreases sensitivity of macula densa
17
Q

What happens when ANP decreases sensitivity of the macula densa?

A

As ANP levels increase, the macula densa secretes less paracrine vasoconstrictor than it would in response to electrolyte delivery

18
Q

What is Norepinephrine and Epinephrine?

A

Catecholamines

19
Q

What does NE/E (catecholamines) do?

A

-Stimulates JG cells which have B1 receptors that secrete renin
-Stimulates AA and EA that have a1 adrenergic receptors that results in vasoconstriction, decreased GFR, and increased filtration fraction
-increase reabsorption in proximal tubule (adds to angiotensin 2 effect)
increase solute reabsorption at aLOH (adds to ADH and aldosterone effect)

20
Q

What does prostaglandins and NO do?

A
  • Vasodilatory

- combats constrictive effects of angiotensin 2 at AA and EA

21
Q

What is the most common hydration state?

A

Hypertonic dehydration

22
Q

What happens when BP decreases?

A
  • Decreased stretch and thus firing of baroreceptors
  • Decreased PNS
  • Increased SNS
23
Q

What are the direct effects of increased SNS due to a blood pressure decrease?

A
  • decreased venous capacitance
  • vasoconstriction
  • increased contractility
  • increased heart rate
24
Q

When SNS increases, venous capacitance decreases. What does this cause?

A

-increased venous return–>increased preload–>increased stroke volume–>increased CO–>increased BP

25
Q

What is a direct effect of vasoconstriction due to SNS increase? What does this cause?

A

Capillary fluid shift and increased TPR–>increased BP

RUSVM Physiology II (17 decks)

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