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RUSVM Physiology II > Final Exam GI Physiology: Glandular Stomach > Flashcards

Final Exam GI Physiology: Glandular Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What protects the glandular stomach against microorganisms?

A

HCl

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2
Q

What protects the glandular stomach against HCl and abrasive ingesta?

A

Mucin

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3
Q

What is responsible for lubrication of the glandular stomach?

A

Mucin

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4
Q

The glandular stomach is the initial site of ______ of protein.

A

hydrolysis

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5
Q

The glandular stomach functions to produce and secrete GIF (gastric intrinsic factor). What is the function of GIF?

A

It binds to Vitamin B12 and protects it from being digested

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6
Q

What secretes GIF?

A

The acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas

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7
Q

What is Vitamin B12 essential for?

A

The maturation of RBCs

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8
Q

What are the types of cells found in the glandular stomach?

A

Peptic Chief Cells
Parietal Oxyntic Cells
Mucus Neck Cells

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9
Q

What do peptic chief cells do?

A

Produce enzymes likes pepsinogen, lipase, prorennin, and urease. Little water follows.

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10
Q

What do parietal oxyntic cells do?

A

Produce HCl and GIF. Water follows.

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11
Q

What do mucus neck cells do?

A

Produce mucin and HCO3-. Water follows.

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12
Q

HCO3- production is increased by what?

A

Cholinergic agents and prostaglandins

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13
Q

HCO3- production is decreased by what?

A

alpha- adrenergic agonists and phospholipase A2 and COX inhibitors

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14
Q

Parietal cells actively transport _____ and ______.

A

H+ and Cl-

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15
Q

What is alkaline tide?

A

The alkaline blood leaving the stomach is called alkaline tide.

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16
Q

What are the 3 powerful AGONISTS of parietal cell HCl secretion?

A

ACh
Histamine
Gastrin

17
Q

What are some endogenous ANTAGONISTS of parietal cell HCl secretion?

A

Somatostatin
Prostaglandins
CCK
Secretin

18
Q

What does ACh act on?

A

Muscarinic receptors

19
Q

What does ACh inhibit?

A

Inhibits secretion of somatostatin

20
Q

What does ACh promote?

A

Promotes the secretion of histamine and gastrin

21
Q

What does Histamine act on?

A

H2 receptors

22
Q

Where is Gastrin produced?

A

From G-cells in the gastric and duodenal mucosa

23
Q

What does Somatostatin inhibit?

A

Inhibits release of gastrin

24
Q

What does CCK do?

A

Acts to decrease acid by binding to gastrin/CCK receptors with little excitation

25
Q

Where is secretin produced?

A

It is an endocrine product of the duodenal mucosal cells

26
Q

What drugs influence parietal cell activity and therefore production/secretion of HCl?

A 
Atropine
H2 Receptor Blockers
Inhibitors of H+-K+ ATPase
Glucocorticoids
COX Inhibitors
27
Q

What does the administration of glucocorticoids/COX inhibitors do?

A

Increase acid production/secretion

28
Q

In general, the cephalic phase and gastric phase of glandular stomach activity are _________.

A

Stimulatory

29
Q

In general, the intestinal phase of glandular stomach activity is ________.

A

Inhibitory

30
Q

What acts as a feedback inhibitor of acid production in the stomach?

A

Somatostatin

31
Q

What inhibits paracrine and endocrine secretions at many sites in the body?

A

Somatostatin

32
Q

When you think INHIBITION, you should think __________.

A

Somatostatin

33
Q 
What does the following?:
Increases peptic cell secretion
Promotes contraction of LES
Promotes contraction of pyloric sphincter
Increases gastric motility
Is a potent mitogen
Is trophic to many cells in the stomach
A

GASTRIN!

34
Q

What does the following?:
Is vasodilatory in effect
Increases gastric motility

A

HISTAMINE

35
Q

What does the following?:
Inhibits histamine-secreting cells in the stomach
Inhibits CCK-secreting cells and secretin-secreting cells in the small intestine
Slows nutrient absorption in the small intestine
Inhibits exocrine secretion in the pancreas
Inhibits secretion of glucagon by a-cells of the pancreas
Inhibits secretion of insulin by b-cells of the pancreas

A

SOMATOSTATIN= INHIBITION

36
Q

What does Ghrelin do?

A

Stimulates the release of Growth Hormone by the adenohypophysis

37
Q

T or F: CCK is an anorexigenic substance.

A

True

38
Q

T or F: Ghrelin is an orexigenic substance.

A

True

39
Q

The relative concentrations of which two substances modulate the gut’s message to the brain as it pertains to food intake?

A

CCK and Ghrelin

RUSVM Physiology II (17 decks)

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