Practice Test JUNE 2008: Test 2

Question 1

What is meant by “the single effect” of the Loop of Henle?

Answer 1

The separation of solute and water

Question 2

Why is Lasix/furosimide a K+ wasting diuretic while diuretics that target the DCT are not K+ wasting?

Answer 2

Because a significant percentage of K+ is absorbed at the aLOH

Question 3

What are the THREE MOST ABUNDANT solutes in the renal medullary interstitium

Answer 3

Na+, Cl-, and urea

Question 4

Which of the following would result in the GREATEST INCREASE in secretion of ADH?

Answer 4

an increase in plasma osmolality and a decrease in systemic blood pressure

Question 5

Aldosterone effects include each of the following EXCEPT:

a. Increased reabsorption of Na+ in the MCD
b. Increased reabsorption of Na+ in the DCT
c. Increased secretion of K+ in the DCT
d. Increased reabsorption of water in the DCT
e. Vasoconstriction at afferent arteriole

Answer 5

E. Vasoconstriction afferent arteriole

Question 6

What would happen to a RBC if placed in the lumen of the bladder filled with urine?

Answer 6

It would shrink, stay the same, or swell depending on the urine.

Question 7

What is true about the vasa recta?

Answer 7

Solutes are not actively transported between the interstitum and plasma by the vasa recta

Question 8

Renal effects of Epinephrine include:

Answer 8

Constriction of AA
Constriction of EA
Increased secretion of renin
Increased Na+K+ATPase activity at the PCT

Question 9

Why would a clinician give a COX-2 inhibitor to an animal with kidney disease?

Answer 9

To maintain renal perfusion in an animal suffering from arthritis

Question 10

Which of the following BEST APPROXIMATES the range of plasma pH values found in a living domestic animal?

Answer 10

6.90 - 7.90

Question 11

Which exists in lowest concentration in whole blood?

Answer 11

H2CO3

Question 12

Given: a simple acid-base disorder is present, PC02 = 26 mm Hg and plasma [HC03-] = 8 mEqL. What simple acid-base disorder is present?

Answer 12

Metabolic acidosis

Question 13

Which of the following is an acidosis that does not necessarily result in an increased anion gap?

Answer 13

Diarrhea.

Ketosis, lactic acidosis, and acidosis following ethylene glycol ingestion would all result in an anion gap

Question 14

What are the two most abundant intracellular buffers?

Answer 14

K+ and phosphate

Question 15

Which of the following is a buffer that is PRESENT in renal filtrate and ABSENT in plasma?

Answer 15

Ammonia

Question 16

T or F: The fractional excretion of K+ in the hyperkalemic animal is greater than fractional excretion of K+ in the hypokalemic animal

Answer 16

T

Question 17

T or F: Cations, but not anions, are reabsorbed at the DCT and CCD.

Answer 17

F

Question 18

T or F: Filtrate [urea] is greatest at the end of the MCD

Answer 18

T

Question 19

T or F: All diuretics act by inactivating or inhibiting ports through which filtered solutes are reabsorbed.

Answer 19

F

Question 20

T or F: Parasympathetic innervation of the kidney promotes increased GFR and decreased reabsorption

Answer 20

T

Question 21

T or F: Low plasma [urea] subsequent to liver disease can result in medullary washout and low USG.

Answer 21

T

Question 22

T or F: Angiotensin I1 stimulates the hypothalamic thirst center, promotes systemic - vasoconstriction, and promotes secretion of ADH.

Answer 22

T

Question 23

T or F: Hyponatremia is one of the two most potent stimuli to increase the secretion of
aldosterone.

Answer 23

F

Question 24

T or F: If plasma pH is 7.1 and PCO2 is 20 mm Hg, then plasma [HCO3-) is 2 mEq/L

Answer 24

F

Question 25

T or F: Plasma pH increases as cardiac output decreases

Answer 25

F

Question 26

T or F: Metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis can exist at the same time in the same animal

Answer 26

T

Question 27

T or F: In the course of a day, the lungs excrete more acid than the kidneys do

Answer 27

T