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RUSVM Physiology II > Final Exam Practice Questions- From TA's > Flashcards

Final Exam Practice Questions- From TA's Flashcards

1
Q

An isolated kidney has been maintained at normal perfusion and renal arterial BP. What happens at the AFFERENT arterioles when exposed to a sudden INCREASE in renal arterial pressure?

A

Vasoconstriction and DECREASED secretion of renin

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2
Q

When would you see an elevated [urine protein] : [urine creatinine] ratio?

A

Glomerulopathy

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3
Q

Where is water reabsorbed in the kidney?

A

Proximal tubule
MCD
Distal tubule
DLOH

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4
Q

Where is water NOT reabsorbed in the kidney?

A

ALOH

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5
Q

Which local tissue factor does NOT promote vasodilation?

A

Gastrin

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6
Q

Which local tissue factors DO promote vasodilation?

A

K+
CO2
H+

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7
Q

The G-cell secretion of gastrin ________ in response to AA in the lumen of the glandular stomach.

A

The G-cell secretion of gastrin INCREASES in response to AA in the lumen of the glandular stomach.

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8
Q

What is a potent stimulus for duodenal secretion of CCK? What is the potent response?

A

Stimulus: Increased duodenal luminal [FFA]
Response: Gallbladder contraction

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9
Q

What is an incretin?

A

Incretins are polypeptide hormones that stimulate B-cell secretion of insulin

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10
Q

In general, what is the most significant way secondary secretions differ from primary secretions (produced at acini)?

A

Cl- is LOWER and HCO3- is HIGHER in secondary secretions

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11
Q

What would cause the greatest INCREASE in the secretory activity of pancreatic acini?

A

Increased secretion of CCK (by small intestine) AND

Increased secretion of ACh (by efferent neurons at pancreatic acini)

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12
Q

Ruminal motility ________ as the luminal VFA increases.

A

Ruminal motility DECREASES as the luminal VFA increases.

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13
Q

True or false: Receptors for CCK are found in the GI Tract and Brain.

A

True

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14
Q

True or false: Elevated plasma pancreatic enzyme concentration may be a result of Kidney Disease

A

True

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15
Q

True or false: Since mast cells secrete histamine, mast cell tumors can cause GI Tract ulcerations.

A

True

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16
Q

What are the effects of CCK secretion?

A

Inhibition of glandular stomach activity
Contraction of gallbladder
Stimulation of pancreatic acinar cells
Stimulation of pancreatic ductular cells

17
Q

What happens when an animal is suddenly brought to high altitude?

A 
Respiratory ALKALOSIS and 
Metabolic ACIDOSIS (from lactic acidosis due to hypoxia)
18
Q

Metabolic Acidosis causes a/an ________ anion gap.

A

Metabolic acidosis causes an INCREASED anion gap

19
Q

What percent of filtered plasma is reabsorbed by the PCT?

A

65% of filtered plasma is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule of the kidney

20
Q

Pulmonary artery [HCO3-] is __________ that pulmonary vein [HCO3-].

A

The concentration of HCO3- in the pulmonary ARTERY is GREATER than its concentration in the pulmonary vein.

21
Q

Secretion of ADH ______ subsequent to hemorrhage.

A

ADH secretion INCREASES after hemorrhage.

22
Q

What is the most potent secretagogue at the pancreatic acinar cell?

A

CCK is the most potent secretagogue at pancreatic acinar cells. It has a potent trophic effect here.

23
Q

What does GIP do at the pancreas?

A

GIP stimulates release of insulin by the B-cells in the islets of langerhaans.

24
Q

The _______ is the major site for production of Unconjugated bilirubin

A

The SPLEEN is the major site for UNconjugated bilirubin synthesis.

25
Q

“Nature’s antacid” is ______. Why?

A

SECRETIN is also known as “nature’s antacid”.

26
Q

What does SECRETIN do?

A

Secretin DECREASES the release of gastrin and
DECREASES the secretion of HCl acid at the stomach.
It also INCREASES the secretion of HCO3- in the jejunum to dilute H+

27
Q

What substance has the greatest concentration of organic molecules?

A

BILE has the greatest concentration of organic molecules.

28
Q

What can increase acid secretion by gastric pancreatic cells?

A

Histamine, Gastrin, and ACh

29
Q

What will NOT increase acid secretion by gastric pancreatic cells?

A

Epinephrine

30
Q

How are PRIMARY secretions modified by salivary, pancreatic, and ductular epithelium?

A

Bicarb is added to primary secretions by salivary, pancreatic, and ductular epithelium.

31
Q

What can cause an elevation of plasma [bile acid] concentration?

A

Cholestasis (everything backs up, BA leaks out)
Portosystemic shunt (blood not getting to liver, cannot filter out BA)
Liver Disease

32
Q

What is the normal plasma value for [Na+]?

A

140 mM

33
Q

What is the normal plasma value for [Cl-]?

A

100 mM

34
Q

What is the normal plasma value for [K+]?

A

4 mM

35
Q

What is the normal plasma value for [HCO3-]?

A

24 mEq

36
Q

What is the normal plasma value for PCO2?

A

40 mmHg

37
Q

What is the normal plasma value for PO2?

A

98 mmHg

RUSVM Physiology II (17 decks)

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