Practice Test FEBRUARY 2007: Test 2 Flashcards
If plasma osmolality is 300 mOsm, what is the best estimate of filtrate osmolality in the urinary space?
300 mOsm
All reabsorptive and secretory processes in the nephron are ultimately attributable to the activity of _________?
Basolateral Na+K+ ATPase
Each of the following undergoes a decrease in filtrate concentration as filtrate flows through the proximal tubule EXCEPT:
a. protein
b. glucose
c. HCO3-
d. urea
e. phosphate
d. Urea does not undergo a decrease in concentration through the proximal tubule
- Protein, glucose, HCO3-, and phosphate all decrease in concentration through the proximal tubule
Plasma [creatinine] is 0.7 mg/dL. The excretion rate of creatinine is 8 mg/min. The GFR is 10 dL/min. At what rate is creatinine secreted?
1 mg/min
Why is iohexol clearance preferred over creatinine clearance as a kidney function test?
Because urine is not collected in the iohexol test
What is a common clinical finding in an animal with renal amyloidosis?
Pronounced proteinuria
Each is synthesized in the kidney EXCEPT:
a. urea
b. calcitriol
c. erythropoeitin
d. renin
e. glucose
a. Urea is not made in the kidney.
- Calcitriol, Erythropoeitin, Renin, and Glucose CAN all be synthesized in the kidney
An animal has just experienced a decrease in normal blood pressure. What is the renal autoregulatory response to this decrease?
DILATION of AA. and CONSTRICTION of EA
Renal plasma flow in a normal kidney is 200 ml/min. What is the best estimate for plasma flow leaving the efferent arterioles and entering peritubular capillaries?
135 ml/min
Over what period of time is the entire plasma volume of an animal filtered?
30 minutes
What is found ONLY in the proximal tubule?
Na+Phosphate Symport
What best characterizes the urine of an animal with diabetes insipidus?
High flow and (+) free water clearance
The nephron is net secretory for K+ where?
DCT and CCD only
The nephron is net reabsorptive where?
PCT, LOH, DCT and CCD
If plasma [Na+] in the renal artery is 140 mOsm, what is the best estimate of of plasma [Na+] in the renal vein?
140 mOsm
Where is [Cl-] the greatest?
Filtrate entering the 2nd half of the PCT
ADH exerts a KNOWN effect on each of the following EXCEPT:
a. CCD
b. PCT
c. DCT
d. aLOH
b. PCT is not effected by ADH
Aldosterone promotes each of the following at target cells of the kidney EXCEPT:
a. Active transport of K+ into the filtrate
b. Increased number of Na+ ports in the luminal membrane
c. Increased activity of Na+K+ATPase
d. Increased number of K+ ports in the luminal membrane
a. Active transport of K+ into the filtrate is NOT promoted by aldosterone
Catecholamines exert KNOWN effects on each of the following EXCEPT:
a. Afferent Arteriole
b. aLOH
c. Efferent Arteriole
d. PCT
b. aLOH is not effected by catecholamines
T or F: PCOP in plasma entering peritubular capillaries is greater than PCOP in plasma leaving peritubular capillaries
T
T or F: Creatinine concentration in the renal vein is greater than creatinine concentration in the renal artery
F
T or F: Urea concentration in aLOH filtrate is greater than urea concentration at the end of the nephron
F
T or F: Na+ concentration entering in filtrate is greater than Na+ concentration entering DCT
T
T or F: Urine osmolality of an animal on a high protein diet is greater than urine osmolality of an animal on a low protein diet
T
T or F: The excretion ratio of creatinine is greater than the excretion ration of glucose
T
T or F: The osmolality of plasma entering the vasa recta is greater than the osmolality of plasma leaving the vasa recta
F
T or F: The “single effect” of a nephron refers to the separation of solute and water at the aLOH
T
T or F: An animal the consumes too much fresh water should exhibit a (+) free water clearance, a USG less than 1.008, and low plasma [ADH]
T
T or F: Low plasma [urea] is a sign of kidney disease
F
T or F: The PCT is the major site of phosphate secretion in the nephron
F
T or F: Calcium oxalate crystalluria is a common finding in an animal that has consumed large amounts of ethylene glycol
T
T or F: Elevated plasma [urea] is a more common finding than elevated plasma [creatinine] in an animal with a ruptured bladder
T
T or F: Filtered albumin is endocytosed and exocytosed by the PCT
F
T or F: Aldosterone antagonists are diuretics
T
T or F: Urea is a uremic toxin
F
T or F: Approximately 90% of plasma osmolality is attributed to the 4 most abundant electrolytes in plasma
T
T or F: Transcellular and paracellular reabsorption of K+ occur in the PCT
F
T or F: Transcellular and paracellular reabsorption of Na+ occurs in the aLOH
T
T or F: Catecholamines promote the secretion of Renin and ANP
F
