Practice Test FEBRUARY 2007: Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

If plasma osmolality is 300 mOsm, what is the best estimate of filtrate osmolality in the urinary space?

A

300 mOsm

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2
Q

All reabsorptive and secretory processes in the nephron are ultimately attributable to the activity of _________?

A

Basolateral Na+K+ ATPase

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3
Q

Each of the following undergoes a decrease in filtrate concentration as filtrate flows through the proximal tubule EXCEPT:

a. protein
b. glucose
c. HCO3-
d. urea
e. phosphate

A

d. Urea does not undergo a decrease in concentration through the proximal tubule
- Protein, glucose, HCO3-, and phosphate all decrease in concentration through the proximal tubule

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4
Q

Plasma [creatinine] is 0.7 mg/dL. The excretion rate of creatinine is 8 mg/min. The GFR is 10 dL/min. At what rate is creatinine secreted?

A

1 mg/min

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5
Q

Why is iohexol clearance preferred over creatinine clearance as a kidney function test?

A

Because urine is not collected in the iohexol test

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6
Q

What is a common clinical finding in an animal with renal amyloidosis?

A

Pronounced proteinuria

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7
Q

Each is synthesized in the kidney EXCEPT:

a. urea
b. calcitriol
c. erythropoeitin
d. renin
e. glucose

A

a. Urea is not made in the kidney.

- Calcitriol, Erythropoeitin, Renin, and Glucose CAN all be synthesized in the kidney

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8
Q

An animal has just experienced a decrease in normal blood pressure. What is the renal autoregulatory response to this decrease?

A

DILATION of AA. and CONSTRICTION of EA

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9
Q

Renal plasma flow in a normal kidney is 200 ml/min. What is the best estimate for plasma flow leaving the efferent arterioles and entering peritubular capillaries?

A

135 ml/min

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10
Q

Over what period of time is the entire plasma volume of an animal filtered?

A

30 minutes

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11
Q

What is found ONLY in the proximal tubule?

A

Na+Phosphate Symport

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12
Q

What best characterizes the urine of an animal with diabetes insipidus?

A

High flow and (+) free water clearance

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13
Q

The nephron is net secretory for K+ where?

A

DCT and CCD only

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14
Q

The nephron is net reabsorptive where?

A

PCT, LOH, DCT and CCD

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15
Q

If plasma [Na+] in the renal artery is 140 mOsm, what is the best estimate of of plasma [Na+] in the renal vein?

A

140 mOsm

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16
Q

Where is [Cl-] the greatest?

A

Filtrate entering the 2nd half of the PCT

17
Q

ADH exerts a KNOWN effect on each of the following EXCEPT:

a. CCD
b. PCT
c. DCT
d. aLOH

A

b. PCT is not effected by ADH

18
Q

Aldosterone promotes each of the following at target cells of the kidney EXCEPT:

a. Active transport of K+ into the filtrate
b. Increased number of Na+ ports in the luminal membrane
c. Increased activity of Na+K+ATPase
d. Increased number of K+ ports in the luminal membrane

A

a. Active transport of K+ into the filtrate is NOT promoted by aldosterone

19
Q

Catecholamines exert KNOWN effects on each of the following EXCEPT:

a. Afferent Arteriole
b. aLOH
c. Efferent Arteriole
d. PCT

A

b. aLOH is not effected by catecholamines

20
Q

T or F: PCOP in plasma entering peritubular capillaries is greater than PCOP in plasma leaving peritubular capillaries

A

T

21
Q

T or F: Creatinine concentration in the renal vein is greater than creatinine concentration in the renal artery

A

F

22
Q

T or F: Urea concentration in aLOH filtrate is greater than urea concentration at the end of the nephron

A

F

23
Q

T or F: Na+ concentration entering in filtrate is greater than Na+ concentration entering DCT

A

T

24
Q

T or F: Urine osmolality of an animal on a high protein diet is greater than urine osmolality of an animal on a low protein diet

A

T

25
Q

T or F: The excretion ratio of creatinine is greater than the excretion ration of glucose

A

T

26
Q

T or F: The osmolality of plasma entering the vasa recta is greater than the osmolality of plasma leaving the vasa recta

A

F

27
Q

T or F: The “single effect” of a nephron refers to the separation of solute and water at the aLOH

A

T

28
Q

T or F: An animal the consumes too much fresh water should exhibit a (+) free water clearance, a USG less than 1.008, and low plasma [ADH]

A

T

29
Q

T or F: Low plasma [urea] is a sign of kidney disease

A

F

30
Q

T or F: The PCT is the major site of phosphate secretion in the nephron

A

F

31
Q

T or F: Calcium oxalate crystalluria is a common finding in an animal that has consumed large amounts of ethylene glycol

A

T

32
Q

T or F: Elevated plasma [urea] is a more common finding than elevated plasma [creatinine] in an animal with a ruptured bladder

A

T

33
Q

T or F: Filtered albumin is endocytosed and exocytosed by the PCT

A

F

34
Q

T or F: Aldosterone antagonists are diuretics

A

T

35
Q

T or F: Urea is a uremic toxin

A

F

36
Q

T or F: Approximately 90% of plasma osmolality is attributed to the 4 most abundant electrolytes in plasma

A

T

37
Q

T or F: Transcellular and paracellular reabsorption of K+ occur in the PCT

A

F

38
Q

T or F: Transcellular and paracellular reabsorption of Na+ occurs in the aLOH

A

T

39
Q

T or F: Catecholamines promote the secretion of Renin and ANP

A

F