test 2 cariology histology

Question 1

whats the intercrystaline space?

Answer 1

the space between the enamel rods that usually is filled with water.

Question 2

can you feel pain in enamel?

Answer 2

no, theres no nerve endings

Question 3

Can you feel pain in dentin?

Answer 3

yes,

Question 4

how can dentin defend against toxins?

Answer 4

by forming sclerotic and reparative (tertiary) dentin

Question 5

is dentin hard, stiff or flexable?

Answer 5

flexible

Question 6

whats the process of the formation of the “white spot:?

Answer 6

enamel exposed to acids causes enamel crystal rod to shrink which increases the intercrystaline space which then becomes more porous. The increase in porosity causes the white spot

Question 7

to see the white spot what must you remove?

Answer 7

the overlying plaque, it should feel matt and rough.

Question 8

white spots are dissolution of the enamel surface or …..( what)

Answer 8

perikymata

Question 9

the body of a lesion is directly under what zone?

Answer 9

surface zone

Question 10

whats under the body of the lesion?

Answer 10

dark zone, this is where demineralization occurs.

Question 11

is the surface zone or body porus?

Answer 11

the body, the surface zone remains intact and is the last to cavitate

Question 12

whats a good way to remove plaque to check for lesions?

Answer 12

air and water, the probe is to risky. it could poke through.

Question 13

do occlusal caries or smooth surface caries start narrow and widen pulpally?

Answer 13

occlusal, smooth surface caries start wide and thin out like a pyramid.

Question 14

how does the dentin defend itself from caries?

Answer 14

by forming sclerotic dentin at the DEJ.

by forming reparative/reactive/tertiary dentin at the pulpal dentin border

Question 15

what 2 things are occuring during tubular sclerosis?

Answer 15

1. Deposition of mineral within the tubule due to irritation of a vital odontoblast.
2. When the enamel demineralizes-there is an increase in porosity and permeability-stimulates the odontoblasts in the center of the lesion which corresponds to the highest level of biofilm activity

Question 16

what happens at the DEJ and is important in maintaing a stain free DEJ?

Answer 16

the caries spread like crazy

Question 17

from superficial to deep, name all the different histological zones

Answer 17

surface ,body, dark, translucent, dead tract, reactionary dentin zone

Question 18

whats the surfce zone?

Answer 18

enamel area that is directly over the caries

Question 19

whats the body zone

Answer 19

where the caries are

Question 20

whats the Dark zone?

Answer 20

where active demineralization is occuring via bacteria. Has affected and infected bacteria.

Question 21

whats the transulcent zone?

Answer 21

no bacteria, this is the first visible sign of caries, (artilieary firing infront to soften it up for the troops)

Question 22

whats the dead tract zone

Answer 22

dentin odontoblasts are “dead” degenerated. The dentin tubule no longer has a odontoblast. (basically the bacteria worked so fast the dentin didnt have time to lay down a mineral to protect it)

Question 23

whats the reactionary/ reparative dentin zone?

Answer 23

where teritiary dentin is layed down to protect from further damage.

Question 24

besides bacteria what can cause dead tracts of the dentinal tubules?

Answer 24

trauma

Question 25

whats the last thing to happen in the caries process?

Answer 25

cavitation- this is the breakdown of the outer enamel.

Question 26

what happens during cavitation?

Answer 26

break down of enamel, biofilm gets protected within the cavity, a shift towards acid-producing bacteria, demineralization of DEJ, undermining of enamel

Question 27

after cavitation whats the Zone of destruction

Answer 27

most superficial part of the dentin and is decomposed by the action of acids and proteolytic microorgs

Question 28

after cavitation whats the zone of penetration

Answer 28

tubular invation of bacteria

Question 29

after cavitation whats the translucent zone

Answer 29

demineralized dentin that is not penetrated by bacteria

Question 30

whats a liquefaction foci?

Answer 30

when dentinal tubules are invaded by bacteria and groups of tubules coalesce

Question 31

whats a transverse cleft?

Answer 31

destruction advances in incremental lines of growth which are at right angles to the tubules

Question 32

how is sclerotic dentin and tertiary dentin helpful?

Answer 32

they reduce the permeability of the tubules

Question 33

after becoming dead tracts, can the odontoblast come back?

Answer 33

yes, new odontoblasts can be formed via fibroblasts in the pulp and lay down dentin, these are the teriary dentins

Question 34

inflamation of the pulp is called…

Answer 34

pulpitis, this will happen if the destruction of the dentin tubules continues to occur

Question 35

define chronic pulpitis

Answer 35

a low grade long lasting stimulus

Question 36

define acture pulpitis

Answer 36

severe sudden stimulus

Question 37

if you have a carious exposure and its not taken care of what will happen

Answer 37

it will spread to periapical tissues causing a apical abscess.

Question 38

whats reversible pulpitis

Answer 38

when the pain is evoked by hot, cold, or sweet simuli and is of short duration , disappearing when the stimulus is removed.

Question 39

whats irreversible pulpitis

Answer 39

when pain lasts for hours after removal of stimulus. This may require endodontics or extraction

Question 40

define necrosis

Answer 40

painless because all nerves are no longer iable. Once it spreads to periapical tissues new symptoms develope.

Question 41

define chronic ( asympomatic) abcesses

Answer 41

painless, but usually will have a draining sinus tract on and off

Question 42

define acute ( sympotmatic) abcess

Answer 42

very painfull and can raise the tooth causing occlusal tenderness. Can also have painfull swelling.

Question 43

both these abscesses are….. and can be…..

Answer 43

cellulitis and can be life threatening