Test 2 Flashcards
Has mass and takes up space
Matter
Doesn’t change the substance where as chemical does change
Physical Change
Example of this change is burning a piece of paper
Chemical Change
Massless, takes up no space, measured by effect on matter
Energy
Energy at stored
Potential
Energy of motion
Kinetic
Good
Chemical Energy
Flow of elements
Electrical Energy
Movement
Mechanical Change
Giving off of your body
Radiant
Pure substances (parotid table)
Elements
Smallest function of an element
Atom
Has a positive charge, has an AMU of 1 and is located in the center
Protons
Has a charge of neutral., located in the center, and has a mass of I AMU
Neutrons
What does AMU stand for?
Atomic Mass Unit
Has a charge of negative, located is outside of the nucleus, mass of small
Electrons
Number of protons.
Atomic number
Mass of the whole atom, protons, and neutrons
Mass number
Element with a varying number of neutrons
Isotopes
Ratio active isotope, precautions when using them
Radioisotope
2 or more atoms chemically combined
Molecules
Formula H2O, C6H12O6, short hand not write it out
Molecular
2 or more atoms to form a molecule
Compound
Energy relationships involving interactions between elements of reacting atoms
Chemical Bond
Energy Levels
3
2 electrons, closes to the nucleus
1st energy level
8 electrons (no more than 8)
2nd energy level
18, rule of 8, 8 electrons in valence shell
3rd energy level
Lose or gain
Ionic
Anions (gained electrons)
-Ions
Cations (lost electrons)
+ions
Molecule always has definite 3-D shape, electrons are shared
Covalent
Non-polar covalently bonded molecules
Equal sharing of electrons
2 charged poles, orient towards other polar molecules, water is an example
Polar molecule
Are weak bands, important in DNA structure and also in helping protects to maintain their shape
Hydrogen bond
A+B=AB
Synthesis Reaction
AB=A+B
Decomposition Reaction
- carbon containing
- large
- covalently bonded
- carbohydrates p, lipids, proteins nucleic Acids
Organic
- lack carbon
- simpler
- smaller
- salts, water, acids, bases
Inorganic
Most abundant, 60-70% of weight necessary because it holds and releases heat in large amount be there there is a great change in its temperature
Water
Dissolves solutes to make a mixture
Solvent
Is a solution of solute particles are small
Mixture
If solute particles are large
Suspension
Particles intermediate, solution is translucent
Colloids
Oil for joints
Synovial fluid
Gravity, moves along
Mucus
Helps swallow
Saliva
- Ca+P are the most common
- founded in bones and teeth
- **in the body, salts dissociate to form ions
- Na&K needed for nerve transmission
- Fe needed for red blood cells
- all are electrolytes
Salts
- sour taste
- dissolve many metals
- release H+ in detectable amounts
- Proton donors
Acids
- bitter
- feels slippery
- proton acceptors
Bases
- chemical composition of Hydrogen
- sugars plus starches
- 2 to 1 ratio of Hydrogen and Oxygen-contains hydrogen oxygen and carbon
Carbohydrates
There are how many groups of Carbohydrates?
3
-glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose
Monosaccharides
- created with 2 monosaccharides are joined by dehydration synthesis
- H2O lost when molecule forms
- sucrose (glucose + fructose)
- maltose (glucose + glucose)
- lactose (glucose + galactose)
Disaccharides
-large insoluble, ideal for storage, lack sweetness starch – formed by linked glucose unites, get it from starchy foods
Polysaccharides
Found in animal muscle and liver, smaller than starch
Glycogen
- large molecules
- neutral fats, phospholipids and steroids are lipids found in the body
- Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
- insoluble in water
Lipids
- triglycerides
- fatty acids (3)
- glycerol
- animal fats are saturated, single carbon bonds with no more ability to bond with hydrogen
- most abundant and concentrated source of energy
- -around organs
- -under skin
Neutra Fats
- 2 fatty acids and one phosphorus containing group and glycerol
- have changed end, impotent for cells regulating movement of materials across all members
Phospholipids
- flat molecules with 4 interlocking rings
- choiestered is the most important
- found in animal fats
- lover makes it
- used for: vitamin D formation makes calcium go into bones, cell membrane, part of some hormones, bite salts help break down fats
Steroids
- 50% of organic material in the body
- functions: construction and cell functions
- contains C,H,N and sometimes S
- amino acids are the building blocks
- make up amino acids
- 50 to thousands of amino acids may link together to for a protein
Proteins
- used for binding and strengthening
- -ex: collagen -bones, cartilage, tendors
- -ex: Keratin - hairs and nails
Fibrous/structural
- mobile, spherical
- important in all biological process
- -examples: antibodies, hormones, enzymes
Globular/function
Takes proteins and twist them so it changes their physical structure
Denatured
- catalyze
- reusable
- millions of reactions each minutes
- specilis
- ace ending for most
Enzymes
- stores the energy from glucose
- has adenine base, ribose sugar (5)
- 3 phosphate groups -attached to each other by high energy bonds
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
- make up genes
- includes: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphate
- nucleotides are the building blocks
Nucleic Acids
- base
- pentose sugar (5 parts)
- phosphate group
Nucleotide
A-adenine T-thymine C-cytosine G-guanine U-uracil
Bases
- double helix
- replicates all generic information in all cells
- provides instructions for protein synthesis
DNA
-carries orders for protein synthesis
RNA
-carries message for protein building from DNA to ribosomes
mRNA
Takes amino acids to ribosome
tRNA
Forms part of ribosomes, oversees the transmission of message and amino acid bonding to make proteins
rRNA
