Chapter 8 Flashcards
Wha are the Bone Structures?
- frontal
- zygomatic
- maxilla
- lacrimal
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
- palatine
Eyelids
- cleansing the eye
- closing from flying object
- closing from bright light
Eyelashes
-catch debris
Eyebrows
- prevent sweat from entering eye
- catch debris
- like an awning -sunlight
Lacrimal apparatus
- tears
- -99% water
- -1% salt, mucus, lysozyme
Conjunctiva (lining of eyelid)
-wash away debris and microorganism
Infection of the conjunctiva
Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
Adipose (behind eye)
-absorb shock
Outside of eyeball is called
Extrinsic Muscle
Up (look)
Superior rectus
Down (look)
Interior rectus
Look medial
Medial rectus
Look lateral
Lateral rectus
Roll eyes
Superior oblique
Interior oblique
- medial doctor with specialty in care and diseases of the eye
- surgeries prescribes any medicines
Ophthalmologist (M.D.)
- oplometry school (no med school)
- prescribe som medicines, perform simple surgeries
Optometrist (O. D.)
- goes to technical school
- makes lens-glasses or contracts according to a prescription
Optician
Eyelid infection
Sky
Pink eye (membrane infection)
Conjunctivitis
Irregular curvature of the cornea
Astigmatism
Clouding of lens
Cataract
- Rise in pressure of aqueous
- glaucoma is progressive, no cure, arresting its progress is the goal, eye drops can control it
Glaucoma
- near sightedness
- image focuses in front of the retina
- corrected with a concave lens
Myopia
- Farsightedness
- image focuses behind the retina
- corrected with a convex lens
Hyperopia
- lack of accommodation, due tot he ongoing of ciliary body
- convex lens needed for close work
Presbyopia
-area of no receptors on retina near optic nerve
Blind spot
Using 2 eyes to see, gives depth perception
Binocular vision
Angle of vision without moving up the head, about 180’
Field of vision
Vision to the side, best at detecting motion
Peripheral vision
- higher the wave, the louder the sound
- measured in decibels
- to be loud, you more forcefully exhale
Loudness
- number of sound waves in a set interval -frequency
- measured in cycles per second ( cps) or Hertz (Hz)
- Humans have range between: 16Hz - 20,000 Hz
- to increase pitch you need to tighten vocal cords and to decrease pitch you need to loosen vocal cords
Pitch
-based on the smoothness of a wave
Timbre (quality)
Air rumbles through sinuses, vibrates bones and soft tissues to give you quality to your voice
Physiology
- build up of ear wax
- -cured by cleaning out the wax
- –irrigate it
- –dug out manually
- –candling
- perforated eardrum
- otitis media (middle ear infection)
- -cured by antibiotics
- otosclerosis
- –fusing of the ossicles, lessen vibrates, a hearing aid helps this
Conduction problem
- labyrinthitis
- -inner ear infection dizziness is a symptom
- menieres disease
- unknown cause dizziness but infection
- –increase pressure in inner ear
- –treatment: diet, surgery, medicine
- auditory nerve tissue
- temporal lobe issues
Sensineural Problems
Symptom, not a disease, ringing in ears
Tinnitus
-protective outer over, white of eye
Sclerotic coat (sclera)
-allow light into the eye
Cornea
-reduces the reflection of light
Choroid coat
-regulates light intake
Iris
-no function
Pupil
-rods (dim) cones (color) receive light
Retina
-sends image to brain, brain sees
Optic nerve
-focusing an image
Lens
-water, maintains eyeball shape
Aqueous Humor
-jelly-like, maintain eyeball shape
Vitreous humor
-adjust shape of the lens
Suspensory
-enables changes in lens shape for light focusing
Ciliary Muscle
-clearest vision
Fovea
