Chapter 5 Flashcards
- axis of the body
- 80 bones included
Axial
- limbs and girdles
- 126 bones included
- arm, legs
Appendicular
The skeletal system includes:
- joints
- cartilage
- ligaments
- bones
Functions of the bones are:
- support
- protection
- storage (blood, fat, calcium)
- hematopoiestis –making blood
- attachment of muscles
Two types of classification of bones:
- Compact Bone
2. Sponge Bone
Dense, look smooth
Compact bone
Small pieces with lots of open spaces
Sponge bone
What are the types of bones?
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
Longer than wide
Long bone
- cube-shaped
- in the wrists and ankles (tarsals and carpals)
- patellas (sesamoid – form within tendons)
Short
- thin
- flattened
- curved
- in the ribs, skull, sternum
Flat
- Don’t fit in with other types
- in the vertebrae and ribs
Irregular
marking on bones for attachments or passages
Landmarks
What are the two types of landmarks?
1 projections
2. Depressions
What are the types of projections?
- Crest
- Spine
- Head
-ridge of a bone
Crest
Sharp, slender
Spine
Rounded
Head
Any body prominence
Process
What are the types of depressions?
- Foramen
- Fossa
- Sinus
- Meatus
Hole
Foramen
Shallow basin
Fossa
- Cavity filled with air
- lined with mucous membrane
Sinus
Canal/passageway
Meatus
- occurs in children
- bones don’t harden
- lack of calcium and vitamin D
- -you can make your own vitamin D
- Perfectly preventable
Rickets
-clean break is no pen action through the skin
Closed simple fracture
When bone penetrates through the skin
Open/compound
What are the complications with Fractures?
- Osteomyelitis
- Septicemia
- Osteoporosis
Ben infection
Osteomyelitis
Blood infection
Septicemia
- bone lose their calcium
- frequent fractures
- both in men and women
Osteoporosis
Every bone in your body forms a joint with at least 1 other bone (except the hyoid)
Joints
- holds bones together
- give mobility
Joint-articulation
What are the types functions of a joint?
- Synarthroses
- Ampthiarthroses
- Diatheoses
- Immoveable condition of joint bonding
- Example: temporal and frontal
Synarthroses
- slighting moveable
- example: vertebrae to vertebrae
Amphiarthroses
- freely moveable
- example: hips, wrists, neck
Diathroses
What are the structural types of joints?
- Fibrous
- Synovial
- Cartilaginous
- Immoveable
- bones are joined by fibrous tissue, sutures of the skull
Fibrous
- freely moveable
- these joints have the following:
- -articular cartilage
- -fibrous capsule
- -joint cavity – contains synovial fluid
- -reinforcing ligaments
- -may also have bursae to reduce friction
Synovial
- some Immoveable
- some slightly moveable
- pubis symphysis
Cartilage
What are the types of synovial joints?
- Plane joint
- Hinge
- Pivot - rotation
- Condyloid (knuckle-like)
- Saddle
- Ball and Socket
- sliding and gliding
- flat articular surface
- sliding and grinding movement
- intercarpal jokes if the wrist
Plane joint
- movement in one plane
- elbow, joints between phalanges of the fingers
Hinge
- ulna/radius (between)
- between atlas and axis
Pivot-rotation
- between phalanges and metacarpal
- egg-shaped surface in oval cavity
- side to side and back and forth movements
Condyloid (knuckle-like)
- campometacarpal joints of the thumb
- each surface has convex and concave surface
Saddle
- has both a ball and socket
- shoulders and hips
- 360 movement
Ball and socket
Problems with joints are:
- Sprain
2. Arthritis
-ligaments or tendons damages by excessive stretching or are torn from bone
Sprain
-inflammation of the joints
Arthritis
change from cartilage to bone
Ossification
bone cells
Osteocytes
circles inside of circles of bones
Lamellae
spaces where you find bone cells
Lacunae
a bone building cells
osteoblasts
Bone destroyer
Osteoclasts
