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Physiology Test > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q
  • axis of the body

- 80 bones included

A

Axial

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2
Q
  • limbs and girdles
  • 126 bones included
  • arm, legs
A

Appendicular

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3
Q

The skeletal system includes:

A
  • joints
  • cartilage
  • ligaments
  • bones
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4
Q

Functions of the bones are:

A
  • support
  • protection
  • storage (blood, fat, calcium)
  • hematopoiestis –making blood
  • attachment of muscles
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5
Q

Two types of classification of bones:

A
  1. Compact Bone

2. Sponge Bone

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6
Q

Dense, look smooth

A

Compact bone

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7
Q

Small pieces with lots of open spaces

A

Sponge bone

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8
Q

What are the types of bones?

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Flat
  4. Irregular
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9
Q

Longer than wide

A

Long bone

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10
Q
  • cube-shaped
  • in the wrists and ankles (tarsals and carpals)
  • patellas (sesamoid – form within tendons)
A

Short

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11
Q
  • thin
  • flattened
  • curved
  • in the ribs, skull, sternum
A

Flat

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12
Q
  • Don’t fit in with other types

- in the vertebrae and ribs

A

Irregular

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13
Q

marking on bones for attachments or passages

A

Landmarks

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14
Q

What are the two types of landmarks?

A

1 projections

2. Depressions

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15
Q

What are the types of projections?

A
  1. Crest
  2. Spine
  3. Head
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16
Q

-ridge of a bone

A

Crest

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17
Q

Sharp, slender

A

Spine

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18
Q

Rounded

A

Head

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19
Q

Any body prominence

A

Process

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20
Q

What are the types of depressions?

A
  1. Foramen
  2. Fossa
  3. Sinus
  4. Meatus
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21
Q

Hole

A

Foramen

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22
Q

Shallow basin

A

Fossa

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23
Q
  • Cavity filled with air

- lined with mucous membrane

A

Sinus

24
Q

Canal/passageway

A

Meatus

25
Q
  • occurs in children
  • bones don’t harden
  • lack of calcium and vitamin D
  • -you can make your own vitamin D
  • Perfectly preventable
A

Rickets

26
Q

-clean break is no pen action through the skin

A

Closed simple fracture

27
Q

When bone penetrates through the skin

A

Open/compound

28
Q

What are the complications with Fractures?

A
  1. Osteomyelitis
  2. Septicemia
  3. Osteoporosis
29
Q

Ben infection

A

Osteomyelitis

30
Q

Blood infection

A

Septicemia

31
Q
  • bone lose their calcium
  • frequent fractures
  • both in men and women
A

Osteoporosis

32
Q

Every bone in your body forms a joint with at least 1 other bone (except the hyoid)

A

Joints

33
Q
  • holds bones together

- give mobility

A

Joint-articulation

34
Q

What are the types functions of a joint?

A
  1. Synarthroses
  2. Ampthiarthroses
  3. Diatheoses
35
Q
  • Immoveable condition of joint bonding

- Example: temporal and frontal

A

Synarthroses

36
Q
  • slighting moveable

- example: vertebrae to vertebrae

A

Amphiarthroses

37
Q
  • freely moveable

- example: hips, wrists, neck

A

Diathroses

38
Q

What are the structural types of joints?

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Synovial
  3. Cartilaginous
39
Q
  • Immoveable

- bones are joined by fibrous tissue, sutures of the skull

A

Fibrous

40
Q
  • freely moveable
  • these joints have the following:
  • -articular cartilage
  • -fibrous capsule
  • -joint cavity – contains synovial fluid
  • -reinforcing ligaments
  • -may also have bursae to reduce friction
A

Synovial

41
Q
  • some Immoveable
  • some slightly moveable
  • pubis symphysis
A

Cartilage

42
Q

What are the types of synovial joints?

A
  1. Plane joint
  2. Hinge
  3. Pivot - rotation
  4. Condyloid (knuckle-like)
  5. Saddle
  6. Ball and Socket
43
Q
  • sliding and gliding
  • flat articular surface
  • sliding and grinding movement
  • intercarpal jokes if the wrist
A

Plane joint

44
Q
  • movement in one plane

- elbow, joints between phalanges of the fingers

A

Hinge

45
Q
  • ulna/radius (between)

- between atlas and axis

A

Pivot-rotation

46
Q
  • between phalanges and metacarpal
  • egg-shaped surface in oval cavity
  • side to side and back and forth movements
A

Condyloid (knuckle-like)

47
Q
  • campometacarpal joints of the thumb

- each surface has convex and concave surface

A

Saddle

48
Q
  • has both a ball and socket
  • shoulders and hips
  • 360 movement
A

Ball and socket

49
Q

Problems with joints are:

A
  1. Sprain

2. Arthritis

50
Q

-ligaments or tendons damages by excessive stretching or are torn from bone

A

Sprain

51
Q

-inflammation of the joints

A

Arthritis

52
Q

change from cartilage to bone

A

Ossification

53
Q

bone cells

A

Osteocytes

54
Q

circles inside of circles of bones

A

Lamellae

55
Q

spaces where you find bone cells

A

Lacunae

56
Q

a bone building cells

A

osteoblasts

57
Q

Bone destroyer

A

Osteoclasts

Physiology Test (9 decks)

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