Naming Skeletal Muscles Flashcards
Decreases the angle at a joint, brings 2 bones closer together
Flexion
Opposite of flexion
Extension
Extension greater than 180 degrees is
Hyperextension
Bone moves around longitudinal axis
Rotation
Moving limb away from the midline also applies to fanning moving of the fingers and toes when they are spread apart
Abduction
Opposite of abduction
Adduction
Flexion, extension, adduction, abductor combination, ball and socket
Circumduction
End of limb is stationary
Proximal
End moves in a circle
Distal
Standing in heels, moving foot to bring superior surface closer to the skin
Dorsiflexion
Pointing toes, walking on toe “bottom on foot”
Plantar flexion
Turn sole medically (in)
Inversion
Turn sole laterally (out)
Eversion
Forearm rotates laterally, palms up
Supination
Palms down
Pronation
Move thumb to touch tips of other fingers on the same hand
Opposition
Mus
Mouse
Muscle
Little mouse
- attached to body’s skeleton
- multinudeated cells
- smooth the body’s contour
- striated
- voluntary
- can be activated by reflexes
- contract rapidly with great force
- fatigues easily
Skeletal muscle
- no striations
- involuntary
- stomach, bladder,respiratory passages
- one nucleus in each cell
- found in sheets or layers
- contractions are slow and long
- not easily fatigued
Smooth muscle
- heart only
- striated
- involuntary
- branching cells
Cardiac muscle
What are the muscle functions ?
- Movement
- Maintaining posture
- Stabilize joints
- Generatic heat
- attachment to the Immoveable bone, or less moveable bone
Origin
Attached to the moveable bone
Insertion
Visible movement
Isotonic
Contraction against something Immoveable
Isometric
Disuse, muscle gets smaller
Atrophy
Excessive muscle size
Hypertrophy
Either a muscle cell contracts or it doesn’t
All-or-nothing law
Contraction without relaxation
Tetanus
Caused by bacteria that live in soil and they (bacteria) don’t like high oxygen environment
Tetanus (disease)
Where neurons and muscle fibers meet there is a synapse at the junction
Neuromuscular junction
A neuron and all of the muscle fibers it causes to move (can be few or hundreds)
Motor unit
Continuous partial contraction of muscles – keeps you upright
Muscle tone
Loss of muscle tone
Flaccid
Benefits of aerobic exercise
- stronger muscles
- more flexible muscles
- greater resistance to fatigue
- blood supply to muscle increases
- cells form more mitochondria
- cells store more oxygen
- makes metabolism more efficient
- improves digestion and elimination
- enchases coordination
- makes the skeleton stronger
- heart enlarges to pump more blood with each beat
- fat deposits cleared
- lungs become more efficient
- doesn’t cause much increase in muscle size
Direction of fibers are:
Rectus: up and down
Oblique: on the diagonal
Orbicularis: circle
Relative size:
Maximus: big
Minimus: little
Longus: long
Location:
Frontalis: frontal bone
Number of origins: (attachments)
Biceps: 2
Triceps: 3
Quadriceps: 4
Location of the muscles origin and insertion:
Sternocleidomastoid
Sterno: sternum
Cleido: clavicle
Mastoid: mastoid process on the temporal bone
Shape:
Deltoid: heat
Action:
Flexor: bringing 2 bones closer together
Extensor: not flexing, 180 movement
Adductor: moving away from midline
Myo
Muscle
Sacro
Flesh
Is a broad sheet of connective tissue that connects muscles to each other or muscles to bones
Aponeurosis
