Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

23 spring: ortho > Test 2: 21: CCL > Flashcards

Test 2: 21: CCL Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 ligaments of the stifle

A

cranial CL
caudal CL
medial collateral
lateral collateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cruciate ligaments are made of

A

type 1 collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how to tell cranial from caudal CL

A

attachment on the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what part of the CL tends to tear and why?

A

middle of ligament
poor blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

innervation to stifle allows for

A

sensory and mechanoreceptors (proprioception) of the knee

Saphenous (medial articular), tibial, common peroneal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CCL
prevents — tibial translation
— rotation of the tibia
stifle —

A

cranial
internal
hyperextension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CCL limits stifle —

A

varus/valgus
(medial or lateral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does it mean for a ligament to be viscoelastic

A

can be stretchy

can be stiff depending on rate of load applied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

— are C shaped wedges of cartilage in the knee

A

meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

meniscus are made of

A

fibrocartilage
type 1 collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is blood supply to meniscus

A

edge gets blood from joint capsule and abaxial, then passive diffusion to center of cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what kind of innervation to meniscus

A

mechanoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what kind of ligaments on the meniscus

A

Meniscotibial ligaments
Intermeniscal ligament - between both meniscus
Meniscofemoral ligament of the lateral meniscus
Coronary ligament: medial is firmer than lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the medial or lateral coronary ligament of the meniscus is firmer

A

medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the meniscofemoral ligament attaches —

A

lateral meniscus to the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are some functions of the meniscus

A

load and force distribution
stability
proprioception
cushion
joint lubrication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is hoop stress of the stifle

A

meniscal fibers will convert compressive forces radially through longitudinal oriented fibers and its attachments, into tensile forces

distributes load over a larger surface area to avoid focal load concentration at a single site

18
Q

CCL disease can be caused by

A

Acute trauma
Traumatic avulsion
Chronic degenerative of unknown cause

19
Q

what happens to CCL disease over time

A

chronic progressive degenerative process

ligament becomes fibrocartilage
increased laxity with age
increased degradative enzyme (MMPs, proteases)

20
Q

which meniscus is more common to tear and why

A

medial

has firmer attachment to the tibia, everytime you move the knee the femur will hit meniscus- over time causes repeated trauma

lateral meniscus is not attached to the tibia and can move with the femur- preventing injury to that meniscus

21
Q

PE of dog with CCL disease

A

Decreased or NWB lameness

Muscle atrophy of affected PL

Stifle joint effusion

Medial buttress – thickening of the medial joint capsule, palpated on medial stifle joint

Pain on hyperextension

Positive cranial drawer/tibial thrust

Meniscal tear – sometimes a “click” sound through ROM

22
Q

CCL will cause pain on flexion or extension?

A

hyperextension

23
Q

thickening of the medial joint capsule

A

medial buttress

24
Q

enthesophytes

A

bony growths where tendons or ligaments attatch to bone

25
Q

what can you see on XRay of CCL

A

effusion: fat pad will be cranially displaced

osteophytes

enthesophytes- distal patella and where CCL attaches

26
Q

medical management of CCL

A

exercise restriction: trying to let body form fibrocartilage at ligament

same treatment for OA:
weight loss
rehab
NSAID
pain meds
neutroceuticals

27
Q

surgery for complete tears of CCL

A

many different approaches

go into joint and cut out damaged tissue

28
Q

2 passive stabilization procedures for CCL

A

extracapsular: lateral femorotibial suture

intacapsular

29
Q

how does extracapsular stabilication of CCL work

A

add biologic or synthetic material through the femur and tibia to provide stabilization and allow periarticular fibrosis to occur

many techniques: lateral femorotibial suture

passive stabilization

30
Q

complications of extracapsular stabilization

A

premature break of stabilizing material before fibrosis can occur

infection
tissue reaction
meniscal tear
nerve damage
continued lameness or pain

31
Q

what is a type of dynamic stabilization procedures for CCL

A

Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO)
Tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA)
Tibial wedge osteotomy – multiple

32
Q

what will TPLO do

A

change formation of tibia to prevent femur from falling off

dynamic stabilization

decrease cranial tibial thrust- cause femur now pushes down instead of forward of tibia

Does NOT eliminate cranial drawer

33
Q

what will happen for cranial drawer test and cranial tibial thrust test for patient with TPLO

A

negative cranial thrust

positive cranial drawer

34
Q

main complications of TPLO

A

fracture of fibula or tibial tuberosity

implant failure

35
Q

how does TTA work

A

move tibial tuberosity forward

will put most of the force onto the patella which acts as new “CCL”

decreased cranial tibial force= decrease shear force between tibia and femur

36
Q

what is the most common meniscal injury

A

displaced bucket handle tear

37
Q

surgical treatment of meniscal injury

A

cut out torn piece

but try to leave as much normal meniscus as possible to prevent OA and keep hoop stress

38
Q

latent subsequent meniscal injury

A

present at time of surgery but not identified

39
Q

postliminary subsequent meniscal injury

A

tear that occurs after surgery

40
Q

how to prevent post op meniscal tears

A

meniscal release

cut meniscus during surgery to try to prevent future tears

can lead to cartilage damage and OA in the future

do this on older dogs

23 spring: ortho (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions