Test 1: 03. ortho exam small animal

Question 1

what is included in ortho exam

Answer 1

general physical
neurology exam
ortho exam

do affected leg last

Question 2

steps of ortho exam

Answer 2

history
visual
gait analysis
palpation- standing and laying down

Question 3

visual inspection includes

Answer 3

weight
body symmetry
muscle atrophy
body conformation for breed
observe sitting and rising

Question 4

0 or 4 is lame

Answer 4

0: no lameness

1: mild weight bearing lameness

2: moderate weight bearing lameness

3: severe weight bearing lameness

4: non-weight bearing lameness

Question 5

how to tell thoracic limb

Answer 5

head bob
down on the sound

Question 6

how to tell pelvic limb

Answer 6

hip hike

Stride length shortened on lame/injured limb

Normal limb reaches forward faster than lame limb (stride speed)

Oscillating motion during locomotion (oscillates
toward normal side

Question 7

how to palpate standing patient

Answer 7

palpate both sides at same time

neck, back and hip palpation

look for joint effusion, swelling, muscle atrophy, malaligned bony landmarks

Question 8

recumbent exam

Answer 8

start distal and move up

palpate full range of motion- 1 joint at a time

palpate long bones

test reflexes

Question 9

6 things to look for in recumbent exam

Answer 9

1. Pain
2. Swelling
3. Effusion (standing best)
4. Crepitus
5. ROM
6. Instability

Question 10

carpus exam
effusion best palpated —
instability —

Answer 10

cranially

medial/lateral

Question 11

effusion at elbow best seen

Answer 11

lateral epicondyle and olecranon

Question 12

— is medial to the greater tubercle

Answer 12

biceps tendon

Question 13

best place to feel effusion on stifle

Answer 13

medial to patellar tendon

Question 14

what is medial buttress

Answer 14

thickening of medial joint capsule of the stifle

from chronic disease

Question 15

should the patella be able to move?

Answer 15

no

rotate limb externally and internally to test

Question 16

drawer test is for

Answer 16

cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) test in the stifle

landmarks:
patella
fabella
tibial tuberosity
fibular head

Question 17

CCL

Answer 17

cranial cruciate ligament

if broken then + drawer test

Question 18

cranial tibial thrust

Answer 18

lift/dorsiflex paw
if tibia moves then +

stimulates weight bearing

tests stifle stability (cranial caudal)

Question 19

range of motion for hip

Answer 19

flexion, extension,
adduction, adduction, circular

Question 20

how to test for hip luxation

Answer 20

triangle test

wing of ilium
ischial tuberosity
greater trochanter

Question 21

— hip luxation will form a straight line form —

Answer 21

cranial dorsal

wing of ilium
ischial tuberosity
greater trochanter

Question 22

how to test hip laxity

Answer 22

ortolani test

Lateral or dorsal recumbency

• Stifle (distal femur) grasped, other hand stabilizes dorsal spine
• Femur adducted and forced dorsally to subluxate femoral head, then limb abducted and
  reduction is felt (or heard) as “clunk”

Question 23

ortolani means

Answer 23

hip laxity

hip pops out