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23 spring: ortho > Test 1: Lecture 1 fracture classifications > Flashcards

Test 1: Lecture 1 fracture classifications Flashcards

1
Q

— bone is highly dense and acellular

A

cortical/compact

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2
Q

— part of the bone is used for graphing

A

trabecular/spongy

porous

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3
Q

— hold the periosteum onto the bone

A

sharpey’s fibers

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4
Q

bone is made of

A

organic:
95% type 1 collagen
5% ground substance: proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycans

inorganic: hydroxyapatite (made by osteoblasts)

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5
Q

— cells cover bone surface and form organic matric osteoid

A

osteoblasts

(make bones)

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6
Q

— are osteoblasts that are incorporated into osteoid

A

osteocytes

connect to eachother

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7
Q

— are mutinucleated cell involved in bone resorption

A

osteoclasts

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8
Q

hydroxyapatite is made by — as unmineralized osteoid. It is then mineralized via —

A

osteoblasts

alkaline phosphatase

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9
Q

layers of the growth plate

A

zone of cartilage
zone of proliferation
zone of hypertrophy
zone of calcification

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10
Q

what part of the growth plate gets the most fractures

A

zone of hypertrophy

cells line up in columns, not as strong

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11
Q

what are some functions of bone

A

Protection
* Shape
* Blood cell production
* Mineral and fat storage
* Movement
* Acid-base balanc

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12
Q

bone elements develop within cell —

A

condensations

mesenchymal stem cells that differentiate into osteoprogenitor cells

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13
Q

two type of ossification

A

intramembranous (IO)- no cartilage

endochondral(EO)- cartilage intermediate

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14
Q

How does IO work?

A

Generally flat bones of the skull

Osteoprogenitor cells in cell condensation = osteoblasts

Osteoblasts produce bone matrix

Bony spicules form and fuse together to produce trabeculae

Trabeculae unite to form spongy bone

OP cells in spongy area produce marrow & in surrounding area produce periosteum

Osteoblasts of periosteum produce compact bone

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15
Q

how does EO work?

A

cartilage precursor

OP cells give rise to chondrocytes

Growth of cartilaginous bone-to-be by dividing chondrocytes

Primary center of ossification - forms before or after birth

Secondary center of ossification - forms after birth & forms epiphyses of long bones

Formation of articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate or growth/physeal plate

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16
Q

— are channels in osteon that allow connection between osteocytes

A

canaliculi

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17
Q

— canal runs down an osteon
— canal runs across an osteon

A

haversian
volkmann

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18
Q
A

bone can change based on forces applied
below a certain level: bone is elastic →will return to normal

if past that yield point bone will change shape/deform.

at certain point bone will break

19
Q

what will happen to long bone with compression and bending

A

break with large butterfly fragment

20
Q

what will happen to long bone with bending

A

break with small butterfly

21
Q

what will happen to long bone with torsion

A

spiral fracture

22
Q

showhat happens to long bone with compression

A

short oblique fracture

23
Q

what happens to long bone with tension

A

straight transverse fracture

24
Q

simple vs comminuted

A

two pieces

many pieces

25
Q

how to describe displacement

A

describe location of distal fragment in relation to the proximal fragment

medial/lateral
cranial/caudal
dorsal/palmer or plantar

26
Q

what kind of displacment

A

medial

27
Q

type 1 salter harris

A

prison makes every boy cry

28
Q

type 2 salter harris fracture

A

prison makes every boy cry

29
Q

type 3 salter harris

A

prison makes every boy cry

30
Q

type IV salter harris

A

prison makes every boy cry

prison makes every boy cry

31
Q

type V salter harris fracture

A

prison makes every boy cry

32
Q

type 1 capital physeal fracture

A
33
Q

type 2 captial physeal fracture

A
34
Q

type 3 capital physeal fracture

A
35
Q

type 1 open fracture

A

Fracture penetrates skin from within

very small opening in the skin

36
Q

type 2 open fracture

A

Wound > 1 cm, communicates with fracture

37
Q

type 3 open fracture

A

High energy trauma = major soft tissue
+/- bone loss

38
Q

type 3a open fracture

A

High energy trauma = major soft tissue
+/- bone loss

Requires no major plastic procedures

39
Q

Type 3b open fracture

A

High energy trauma = major soft tissue
+/- bone loss

Remaining soft tissue insufficent for closure

40
Q

type 3c open fracture

A

High energy trauma = major soft tissue
+/- bone loss

Arterial injury needing repair - amputation

41
Q

what type of fracture

A

Closed
Severely comminuted
Articular metaphyseal and epiphyseal
S-H Type IV
Moderately displaced

42
Q

type of fracture

A

spiral
closed
midshaft
left femoral
cranial and medial displacement

43
Q

what type of fracture

A

right type 2
left type 3

23 spring: ortho (27 decks)

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