Test 2: 17 muscle and tendon Flashcards
soft tissue injury can occur at
muscle belly
musculotendinous junction
tendon
origin/insertion
stretching or tearing of a muscle, tendon, or both
strain
stretching or tearing of a ligament
sprain
tearing off the bone
avulsion
why is it harder to heal tendon and ligaments
they are under strain in normal conditions
have poor vascular supply
usually heal with fibrosis/scar
if you immobilize joint to allow tendon or ligament to heal can cause damage to gliding function of the bone
stength of tendons and ligaments after they heal vs bone
tendons and ligaments never return to 100%
bones will heal to 100%
conservative treatment for tendon injurt
Acute (<24 hrs) vs chronic (>72 hrs)
increase tension)
* Cold compress (acute)
* Warm compress (chronic)
* Exercise restriction
* Supportive bandage :Compressive bandage or Splint
* Weight management
* Physical therapy (gradual increase in tension)
goals of surgical intervention on tendons and ligaments
restore functional length
minimize the wound gap
maintain blood supply
avoid adhesions
how to suture muscle
need tension reliveing suture
can rip through muscle easily, need to bite through muscle sheath
infraspinatus contracture
- Abduct humerus
- Adduction of the elbow
- Abduction of distal limb with a carpal flip
- Limited shoulder ROM
how to treat infraspinatus contracture
can cut tendons/fibrotic restrictions and leg will return to normal position
quadriceps contracture
fibrotic adhesions between quadraceps and distal femur
what happens to limb with infraspinatus contracure?
- Abduct humerus
- Adduction of the elbow
- Abduction of distal limb with a carpal flip
- Limited shoulder ROM
can fix with surgery
what happens to animal with quadriceps contracture
stifle and tarsal extension
from adhesions between quad and distal femur
usually in young dogs with femoral fractures
poor or grave prognosis
how to treat quadriceps contracture
- Myoplasties
- Arthrodesis
- Amputation
Best treatment is prevention
* PROM and rehabilitation
Prognosis is poor
injury to biceps will have pain in what direction
pain when weight bearing
pain when shoulder flexed and elbow extended (arm pulled back)
osteophytes in the biceps tendon groove
leads to pain during flexion of the shoulder
treatment of biceps tendonitis
if partially torn
exercise restriction
NSAIDs
intra-articular injections: steroids, PRP, MSCs, HA
if fully torn
arthroscopic tendon transection/release
tenodesis (cut and screw into place on humerus instead of scapula)
supraspinatus tendinopathy will have pain in — of shoulder
flexion
where tendons of different muscles run and where osteophytes will form
how to treat supraspinatus tendinopathy
rest and rehab
resect calcifications but CAN NOT transect tendon like you can with biceps tendinopathy
prognosis- good to fair
how to treat puppy carpal laxity
cause unknown
usually goes away on its own
can rest and give softer flooring or splint for short period if severe
how to xray collateral ligament injury
2 view
and
stress view while pushing on joint
how to treat collateral ligament injuries
partial:
rest and immobilizatoin/splint?
tear:
primary repair
synthetic reconstruction
arthrodesis
