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23 spring: ortho > Test 1 bone healing > Flashcards

Test 1 bone healing Flashcards

1
Q

osteoblasts are made from

A

mesenchymal stem cells

make osteoid (make bone)

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2
Q

osteoclasts are made from

A

hematopoietic stem cells

eat bone

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3
Q

cortical bone is also called

A

lamellar bone

(strong dense on outside of long bones)

made of columns of osteons

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4
Q

spongy bone is also called

A

cancellous/trabecular/medullary/woven bone

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5
Q

— form during primary bone growth. Forming new lamellae of bone

A

primary osteon

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6
Q

— are formed during remodeling. Osteoclastic resorption followed by osteoblasts

A

secondary osteons

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7
Q

what is a cutting cone

A

primary bone healing and remodeling

lead by osteoclasts eating away at bone, followed by osteoblasts

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8
Q

where does IO take place

A

flat bones

inner and outer surfaces of long bones

NO cartilage precursor- increases width of bone

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9
Q

— ossification will increase width of bone

A

IO

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10
Q

— ossification will increase length of bone

A

EO

cartilage precursor

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11
Q

where does EO take place

A

cartilage precursor

in the epiphysis (end of bone)
and the physis (growth plate)

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12
Q

what is needed for bone healing

A

blood supply
stability
no/mild infection

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13
Q

explain strain

A

the change in length/ original length

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14
Q

how much strain allowed for bone healing

A

2% to make lamellar bone

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15
Q

10% strain will form

A

cartilage

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16
Q

100% strain will form

A

granulation/fibrosis tissue

17
Q

how does indirect bone healing work

A

inflammation
repair
remodeling

18
Q

how to have primary bone healing

A

pieces must be perfectly together (anatomic reduction) with rigid stability

<2% strain
<1mm fracture gap

repair by cutting cone
No callus formed

19
Q

how does contact healing work

A

has to be <0.01 mm gap
cutting cones come in and remodel

direct formation of lamellar bone in axial direction

20
Q

how does gap healing work

A

type of primary healing with <1mm gap

gap filled with loose connective tissue then osteoblasts lay down new lamellar bone

cutting cone formed longitudinally

will go through secondary osteonal reconstruction

21
Q

indirect bone healing occurs with

A

less stable fractures

forms callus to decrease strain, then EO remodelling with cartilage then bone

22
Q

bone heals in — weeks

A

6

nutrition, stability, age, infection, size/strain will take longer

23
Q

what happens during inflammatory phase

A

1st phase of healing (0-7 days)

hematoma forms
revascularization
resorption of bone fragments and hematoma

24
Q

what happens in repair phase

A

2nd stage of bone healing
soft callus (1-3 weeks)
bony callus (3-6 weeks)

hematoma → granulation tissue → fibrocartilage

mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocyte and osteoblasts

goes through EO

25
remodeling phase
last phase >8 weeks to years forms secondary osteons external callus disappears reestablish medullary cavity
26
what happens during secondary remodeling
woven bone remodeled using cutting cones to make lamellar bone
27
osteogenesis
osteoblasts in bone graft material contribute to new bone growth
28
bone graft recruits osteoprogenitor cells and induces them to form new bone
osteoinduction
29
bone graft serves as a scaffold for osteoprogenitor cells
osteoconduction
30
enhancement of osteoinduction without the prossession of osteoinductive properties
osteopromotion | enamal matrix
31
when to use bone graft
help repair, speed healing and promote healing or non-unions and infected fractures
32
type of bone graft sources
auto- from self allo- from another person xeno- from a different species
33
where do you get cancellous bone graft
(spongy bone) end of bones- where marrow is is osteogenic, osteoinductive and osteoconductive
34
cortical bone graft is ---
osteoconductive (gives a structure for bone to grow on)
35
where can you harvest cancellous bone graft in small animals
lateral tubercle of the proximal humerus proximomedial tibia craniodorsal iliac spine subtrochanteric region or medial condyle of femur
36
where to harvest cancellous bone in large animals
ilium sternum not proximal tibia- will break leg
37
synthetic bone grafts are
osteoconductive- gives scaffold for new bone growth osteoinductive if there is growth factors added
38
assessment of healing, looking for bridging callus on ---
3/4 of the cortices (sides of bone)
39
what are you looking for when assessing bone healing
callus formation appearance of fracture site bone opacity/density periosteal/endosteal reaction pain-free weight bearing no movement at fracture site

23 spring: ortho (27 decks)

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