Test 1: bandages

Question 1

4 functions of bandages

Answer 1

Protection

Absorption of draining material

Compression of soft tissues

Stabilization/external coaptation

Question 2

external coaptation

Answer 2

Splint or cast used as the primary
stabilization technique for fracture management or support surgical repair, joint instability

can be temporary, primary or secondary

Question 3

when to use external coaptation vs surgery

Answer 3

Incomplete fractures of young animals

Simple fractures with minimal displacement

Ulna or fibula intact

Can stabilize the joint above & below fracture

When owners have severe financial constraints

Question 4

when to not use splint as primary

Answer 4

Joint fractures

Splint can not counteract
fracture forces

Can not stabilize the joint above & below fracture (hip/ shoulder)

Question 5

proper xray of fracture include

Answer 5

2 orthogonal views

can see joint above and below the fracture

Question 6

Orientation of the bone in respect
to the normal anatomic axis in all
planes

Answer 6

alignment

Question 7

alignment

Answer 7

limb lined up

Orientation of the bone in respect
to the normal anatomic axis in all
planes

Position of joints above & below the fracture
§ Not looking at the fracture site
§ Cranial-caudal view and medial-lateral view of both the stifle and tarsus

Question 8

Act of placing fracture
fragments into apposition

Answer 8

reduction

Question 9

How the fracture fragments relate
to one another (puzzle pieces)

Answer 9

apposition

Question 10

how to reduce and align a transverse fracture

Answer 10

pull/distract the ends
form 90° hinge
then straighten out

50% apposition in 2 radiographic views is
acceptable (total of 25%)

if bones start to splinter or break STOP

Question 11

1st layer of a bandage

Answer 11

contact/primary layer

can be adherent or non-adherent

Question 12

2nd layer of bandage

Answer 12

intermediate/secondary layer

absorbs excessive would fluid
support
compression

Question 13

last layer of bandage

Answer 13

outer/tertiary

protect from external world
hold in place

Question 14

what are stirrups used for

Answer 14

placed on skin- 25-50% of bandage

used to prevent bandage from slipping off

Question 15

when bandaging what direction do you move

Answer 15

from distal up the leg

start with 100% overlap at toes, then 50% up the limb

Question 16

how to place vet wrap

Answer 16

fold stirrups up before placing

loosely with 50% overlap

do not place directly on hair or skin

used for protection, not to keep bandage in place

Question 17

robert jones bandage

Answer 17

Bulky compression bandage

Temporary support
Not a definitive repair
Decrease swelling
Low complication rate

Question 18

modified robert jones bandage

Answer 18

less cast padding but still enough to support and prevent splint material from rubbing

Question 19

masson metal and plastic splints

Answer 19

Use with a modified Robert Jones
bandage
* Only good for digit, metacarpal &
metatarsal injuries
* Not custom
* “Spoon” part goes under the foot
– Partially weight bear on splint

Question 20

Answer 20

aluminum rod splint

used with modified robert jones bandage
can shape rod and extend it so not weight bearing on leg

Question 21

— is molded with warm water to be custom splint

Answer 21

orthoplast

Question 22

when to not use full cast

Answer 22

Open fracture

Extensive soft tissue injuries

Any concerns with leaving a bandage on for an extended period of time without changing

Question 23

casts are made of

Answer 23

fiberglass

light weight and strong

Question 24

cast application steps

Answer 24

Sedation, GA
Stirrups
+/- Stockinet
1-2 layers cast padding
Kling gauze
Turn stirrups up
Apply cast

Question 25

bivalve cast

Answer 25

cut cast in half to allow for swelling and visualization of skin and wounds

Question 26

when to use half cast

Answer 26

made from casting material acts as splint

Question 27

--- are used to immobilize shoulder or hip joint

Answer 27

spica splint Modified Robert Jones bandage encircling the torso under the splint Splint from aluminum rod, orthoplast, or casting material

Question 28

Answer 28

Schroeder-thomas splint traction splint for minimally displaced fracture fracture distal to the elbow or knee

Question 29

--- is a traction splint for minimally displaced fractures distal to the elbow or knee

Answer 29

Schroeder-thomas splint

Question 30

--- is used for non weightbearing front limbs

Answer 30

velpeau sling Maintains carpus, elbow & shoulder in flexion Non-weight-bearing sling Shoulder luxations & fractures Adjunctive support if want patient non-weight-bearing on leg

Question 31

Answer 31

Velpeau sling non-weight bearing shoulder luxations and fracture

Question 32

ehmer slings are used for

Answer 32

craniodorsal hip luxations non-weight bearing sling internally rotates the hip and abducts the limb

Question 33

--- will internally rotate the hip and abduct the limb. A non weight bearing sling

Answer 33

Ehmer sling used for craniodorsal hip luxation

Question 34

Answer 34

carpal flexion bandage Relieves tension from flexor tendons Used after flexor tendon repair Non-weight bearing bandage Do not leave on too long- permanent contracture can occur

Question 35

what to use for caudal ventral hip luxation

Answer 35

hobbles prevents abduction

Question 36

sling used for caudal ventral hip luxation

Answer 36

hobbles prevents abduction

Question 37

complication of long term bandage or splint

Answer 37

Pyoderma, deep infections Skin abrasions, ulcerations, slough skin Loss of bone density Loss of ROM - joint fibrosis Muscle contracture Ligament laxity Loss of cartilage

Question 38

at home care instructions

Answer 38

monitor toes avoid slippage pain wet or soiled