test

Question 1

Give examples of water management schemes

Answer 1

-mega dams

-desalinisation

-water transfers

Question 2

What do water transfer schemes involve

Answer 2

the diversion of water from one drainage basin to another

-by diverting a river to carry water from one basin to another.

Question 3

Give an example of a water transfer scheme

Answer 3

China’s South-North Transfer Project

Question 4

Name the advantages of China’s South-North Transfer Project

Answer 4

-avalibiloity of water -> ^ use for development -> appeal to businesses

-can provide water for irrigation

-can provide water for agriculture

Question 5

Name the disadvantages of China’s South-North Transfer Project

Answer 5

-people will have to relocate

-eastern route is indutrial -> risks pollution -> affecting water quality -> limiting its use therfore

Question 6

Give an example of a mega dam

Answer 6

The Three Gorges Dam

Question 7

Name the advantages of three gorges dam

Answer 7

-improved recreational access -> tourism along the river offering good views

-saves energy as the dam generates electricity -> limiting global warming

Question 8

Name the disadvantages of three gorges dam

Answer 8

-632km of land was flooded to build the reservoir -> angered farmers, destroyed agriculture, habitats

-1.3 mill ppl relocated

Question 9

Give an example of desalinsation plants

Answer 9

Israel’s Desalinisation Project

Question 10

What is desalinsation plants

Answer 10

dissolved solids in sea water are partially or completely removed to make it suitable for human use.

Question 11

Name the advantages of Israel’s Desalinisation Project

Answer 11

-preserves current freshwater supplies -> securing more resources

Question 12

Name the disadvantages of Israel’s Desalinisation Project

Answer 12

-expensive process

-produces vast amounts of salt which is harmful to ecodsystems

-each plant requires own power station -> adding to CO2 emissions

Question 13

Physical factors that lead to water stress

Answer 13

-climate change
-> precipitation higher near equatorial & mid-latitude zones -> so more water secure
->distrubution of precipitation over year
->can reduce precipitation levels
-> arid areas -> high levels of water stresss -> drought

-geology -> controls dsitribution of aquifers that provide groundwater storage -> permeable chalk, sandstone store water underground -> prevent evaporation
-> UK (has many aquifers) -> lower water stress than Bekgium

Question 14

Definition if water stress

Question 15

Definition of water management

Question 16

Human factors that lead to water stress

Answer 16

-increasing population & urbanisation -> e.g. india -> high level of water stress due to water supply not meeting demand#

-agriculture -> ppl want more succulent fruit and veg, this is depleting aquifers
-fertilizers polluting groundwater supplies -> water stress in e.g. Spain

-industrialisation ->

Question 17

Why do land use changes increase flood risk

Answer 17

-change from greenfield sites to urban areas -> reduces intercption -> increased surface runoff -> increasing flood risk

-e building of low
bridges slows down channel flow and increases
the possible flood wave also increasing the flood risk.

Question 18

Why does water price vary globally

Answer 18

Investment in Infrastructure – piped water requires a complex
infrastructure of collection, treatment and supply. As a result those
areas which invest heavily in sustainable infrastructure systems such
as Seattle have high water costs $1.84 per m3 compared to areas
such as Phoenix which has had much of the cost of infrastructure paid
for by the government as part of the Colorado Drainage Basin scheme
and so costs less at $0.385 per m3.

Privatisation - In some countries the use of TNCs from VHHD
countries to privatise the public water supply drives up the cost of
water from the previously publically owned water supplies such as in
Bolivia

Demand – water from private water companies are also a function of
demand. In VHHD countries there is high demand with wealthy
consumers which allows water companies to charge high prices such
as in the US where it is estimated that 1 in 30 people have a
swimming pool and as a result even areas with a high supply such as
Chicago have higher prices such as $0.7 per m3.

Question 19

Explain one reason why many people in the developed world support the global shift of industry.

Answer 19

Cost of goods to developed world customers is becoming cheaper (1) due to lower cost overseas (1) as cost of living in developing world is lower(1) e.g. average price of smart phones in 2019 is less than in 2011

Question 20

Assess the methods used in local communities to reduce the impact of globalisation on the environment.

Answer 20

-grow your own

-transition towns -> towns that aim to reduce their carbon emissions and increase independence

-local sourcing -> purchasing local foods and commodities -> this outs pressure on TNC’s to improve environmental record
-boycott supermarket products with high food miles

-plastic bag ban

-fairtrade- opting out of buying globally sourcer products

Question 21

Name the environmental impacts of globalisation

Answer 21

-contaminated water supply, atmosphere, soil,

loss of biodiversity/productive farmland

, resource depletion

waste disposal,

global warming as a result of transport of goods/people.

Question 22

What is water stress

Answer 22

when the demand for water exceeds the supply

Question 23

What is the global shift

Answer 23

movement of global economic activity from the west to the east of the world.